tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34417727589571494452024-03-13T22:17:11.517-07:00Montana Yankees in King Arthur's CourtDavid Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.comBlogger27125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-17252450057798440722020-02-01T18:24:00.001-08:002020-02-01T18:25:35.253-08:00There's a reason why the Senate, and not the people, decide what constitutes impeachable crimes....<br />
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Senator Lamar Alexander’s explanation for who should decide what
to do about the president’s actions in Ukraine is absurd, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and represents fundamental ignorance about the
Founders.<o:p></o:p></div>
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In an interview with Chuck Todd, Senator Alexander suggests that
while he found the actions by President Trump concerning the withholding of aid
to Ukraine inappropriate, the were not impeachable and—furthermore—that whether
they merit removal is a judgment best left to the people. Here the link to the clip: <o:p></o:p><a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/lamar-alexander-says-senate-should-not-substitute-its-judgment-voters-n1128286">https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/lamar-alexander-says-senate-should-not-substitute-its-judgment-voters-n1128286</a></div>
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Let’s address the final point first: the people, and not the
Senate, should decide in the forthcoming election whether the Ukraine allegations
merit removal. Hogwash. </div>
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First, the Founders were
not democrats (small d) but republicans (small r). All kinds of checks and balances are put in place
to insulate government institutions from the voice of the people because the Founders
feared mob rule—particularly mob rule swayed by a demagogue. The Founders
created the Electoral College, with voters casting votes for electors who—according to
the scheme laid out in the Constitution—were supposed to exercise independent
judgment when selecting the president. Furthermore, the founders
expected (wrongly, it turns out) that it would be challenging for any candidate
to achieve a majority of votes in the electoral college; thus, the House of Representatives
would often decide who would serve as president. All of these factors point
quite clearly to the notion that will of the people is really to be refined by
several institutional checks and filters.<o:p></o:p></div>
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So, to Alexander’s point: No. It’s up to the Senators to
decide whether the act is impeachable or not. Not the people in elections. That represents a profound ignorance of the Constitution and the situation facing the Founders.<o:p></o:p></div>
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To the second point about to what constitutes a high crime and misdemeanor, it is absolutely
clear that the Founders were petrified about foreign influence in elections and
the conduct of national affairs. This is why the citizenship and residency requirements
exist for the presidency: To prevent a European puppet from taking the throne. I
have to assume at some point Senator Alexander read President Washington’s Farewell
address, which cautions the nation about entangling foreign alliances. Seeking foreign
involvement in an election is precisely what President Trump did (and Alexander does not contest this point), which is precisely
what the Founders thought was dangerous. And, to be plain, it is exactly the
Senate that should decide these issues because they are supposed to be removed
from the passions of the people given their longer terms and (at least at the
Founding) their indirect election. I read the Federalist papers in college. Did they?<o:p></o:p></div>
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Then, there’s the stubborn fact (as John Adams would write) that the president broke the law: His withholding the aid in the first place was an illegal impounding (I
cover this in my presidency and Congress class; Congress appropriates, and the Supreme Court has upheld this repeatedly) and he was accepting aid to assist in his
reelection (breaking those silly campaign finance laws put into place after
massive abuses by the Nixon campaign forces that had little to do with
Watergate).<o:p></o:p></div>
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Finally, the issue of removal from office and the ability to
run for president in the future. Yes, a grave action indeed—but again, given the
fear of Kings and demagogues, again, this is precisely why the Senate must have
this ability. The danger is a president who is supported by the majority of the people—that pesky
majority tyranny that Madison warned against—who must be removed from the
ballot because they can manipulate the popular will to retain office and work their will to oppress the minority. The Senate is a check on this! As
Hamilton himself wrote (and Congressman Schiff quoted during the Senate trial):<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "georgia" , serif;">When a
man unprincipled in private life desperate in his fortune, bold in his temper,
possessed of considerable talents, having the advantage of military habits —
despotic in his ordinary demeanour — known to have scoffed in private at the
principles of liberty — when such a man is seen to mount the hobby horse of
popularity — to join in the cry of danger to liberty — to take every
opportunity of embarrassing the General Government & bringing it under
suspicion — to flatter and fall in with all the non sense of the zealots of the
day — It may justly be suspected that his object is to throw things into
confusion that he may ‘ride the storm and direct the whirlwind.’</span> <o:p></o:p></div>
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Here's the link:<a href="https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-12-02-0184-0002">https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-12-02-0184-0002</a></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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On a personal note, I worked as a field staffer for Senator
Alexander fresh out of college more than twenty years ago—on his presidential
campaign. To say that I am disappointed in his position and behavior is a gross
understatement. America deserved better from him—and the rest of the Republican
caucus in the U.S. Senate. If you are upset, you know what to do. Vote like your life depends on it--because it does.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-35169613834809700762019-05-16T03:42:00.001-07:002019-05-16T03:42:14.982-07:00Do Institutional Structures Shape Political Outcomes? Yes, Until Those Structures are Ignored<br />
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While we are here in the UK, students are required to write
a daily journal entry. I provide a prompt for the students to respond to based
upon what we’ve seen and experienced throughout the day. After visiting the
Scottish Parliament, I asked them whether the institutional arrangements and
structures of the Parliament produce a different politics from Westminster. It
is something I hear a lot when I visit the Parliament, and certainly, it was
well-expected by the founders of the institution expected a “New Politics” to
emerge as a result.<o:p></o:p></div>
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My students were generally not convinced that the Scottish
Parliamentary experience was all that different from the way in which politics
is practiced the world over. In fact, they were downright cynical at the
prospect that institutional structures could shape political behavior or
outcomes all that much.<o:p></o:p></div>
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As an institutionalist, I was chagrined to say the least. I’ve
built a career, and a research agenda, on the notion that the structures of
politics shape behavior. Have I been simply unconvincing in the classroom on
this point?<o:p></o:p></div>
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And yet, in some respects, there is a grain of truth in what
the students claimed. Some institutional structures matter a lot, while others
have little effect. My own research on First Minister’s Questions in the
Scottish Parliament suggests that the tone of questions asked in the chamber
may be more negative and combative than in Westminster despite all the ballyhoo
and hype we hear about how the horseshoe shape of the chamber and the electoral
system inspires a consensual rather than combative deliberation. Yet, the
electoral system does matter. MSPs almost universally claim that regional
members behave differently than those representing constituencies. And the
evidence bears this out: they participate differently in the chamber,
committee, and in their propensity to hold surgeries. In this case, structural
arrangements do shape incentives. Regional MSPs do more party and legislative
work, while constituency members pay more attention to the folks back home.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The point made by my students, however, is that politics is
conflictual no matter how you slice it. Parties differ as to how to policy
priorities and the distribution of power in society. They differ as to the
ability to govern and how to do it. Conflict is essential to politics and
expected—no matter how voters chose their legislators or the architectural design
of the assembly space.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The problem, at the end of the day, is while conflict is
necessary to politics, most people—including my students—do not like conflict.
Perhaps the question is not whether a particular political system mitigates
conflict but whether a political system can, based upon how the system is
structured, can harness conflict productively. In the American system, voters
are often frustrated by what is perceived to be a conflict that yields few
results. Our politics is more partisan and the differences between the parties
wider than at any point since at least the Gilded Age. Yet this differences do
not manifest in much policy production or change because of political system makes
it difficult to produce policy. The people, wrongly in my mind, ascribe to the
conflict and the people the blame. The system of checks and balances, if
anything, should bear most of the brunt of the blame from the people as the vitriol
produced by our hyper-partisan American politics.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Conversely, the conflict in the British system is mostly
confined to debate and Question Time both at Westminster and Holyrood. Legislation
is still produced and government functions because political change is not in
the hands of individual MPs but in government ministers and bureaucrats that
help them develop legislative policy. The “talking” legislature serves as a
political safety value for society, but the conflictual talk does not generally
impede policy progression. Indeed, Brexit is the exception that proves the
rule: Because Brexit splits across the parties creates policy deadlock making
it difficult for May’s minority government to produce results.<o:p></o:p></div>
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In the American case, policy production is hard with or
without conflict. Perhaps most troubling, however, is the recent propensity of
frustrated majorities to dispense with institutional safeguards to advance
short term policy goals. And that’s truly worrying given that these
institutional bumpers were put in place precisely to protect minority interests
over the long term. We’ve seen an increasing willingness of executives to
resort to executive orders to implement policy when frustrated by Congress. The
process of advice and consent has become empty, and Senators are rushing to
make the chamber less deliberative by eroding the power of the filibuster. In
the pursuit of policy, our checks and balances are falling by the wayside in
favor of expediency and the growth of executive power. In that sense, the
American system is increasingly aping the British system but without the
benefits of a vigorous public scrutiny of the executive outside of
congressional hearings. And even those hearing are under threat as members of
the executive branch refuse to respond to congressional subpoenas and even the
president claims immunity from congressional scrutiny. <o:p></o:p></div>
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To come full circle, do institutional structures matter in
politics? The answer is yes, but only in so much as those institutional
structures are respected by those who engage in politics. One of my students
constantly upholds our codified Constitution as superior to the uncodified
British Constitution, saying that the United Kingdom relies far too much on
convention and norms. My response to him is that codification matters little if
the individuals responsible for implementing words chose to ignore them. And,
it is at that precise point where political conflict becomes truly dangerous irrespective
if the chamber sits in a horseshoe or on benches across from one another.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-14985940708222987162019-05-13T14:04:00.002-07:002019-05-13T14:13:23.070-07:00Kindness, Empathy, and ExplorationToday, I and the amazing Doralyn Rossmann (punster extraordinaire) took 16 MSU students up and down the Royal Mile in Edinburgh. We did all the things that tourists here do: We visited Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh Castle, and had a lovely tour provided by Kiersten--the Blue Badge Guide who has taught my students about Scotland since 2015. The day was spectacular--66 degrees, sunny, with a bright blue sky. Our first full day in Scotland did not disappoint.<br />
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After walking ten miles, our group convened to discuss our insights from the day. The students all had interesting insights into Scotland--the juxtaposition of the new with the old, the lack of racial diversity, the surprising number of tourists and the wide array of languages spoken, and the layers of history in Scotland--with buildings and traditions older than our own country. But the observation that struck me the most in the moment was made by one of my students who has a gluten allergy. She was struck by how kind and helpful she found Scots in helping her navigate menus in restaurants, and how appreciative she was for this kindness. She remarked that at home, in the United States, she has found that when she divulges her allergies at eateries, she is often treated poorly. Servers and hosts express annoyance when they have to prepare food differently to accommodate her allergy. She shared that at times, when she has sent food back that has been in the presence of gluten accidentally (when a bun is mistakenly put on a sandwich), sometimes servers will simply take the bun off and send the meal back--this despite the fact that even traces of gluten can have severe health consequences for her.<br />
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Conversely, her experience in Scotland has been one of empathy. Servers patiently work through recipe ingredients, making suggestions. Others have extensive recipe books they provide her and another student with allergies to make sure the students will not come into contact with anything harmful to their health. Another remarked at how helpful EU regulations are in identifying, consistently and clearly, possible allergens located in packed foods shelved in markets. In fact, we made a special trip to Marks and Spencer to load this student up with food she could safely eat--and her basket was quickly full in 15 minutes. And, best yet, the food was SUBSTANTIALLY cheaper than what she'd pay back home.<br />
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This makes it far easier for my students to enjoy one of the best parts of travel: Experiencing other cultures through food. Three of my students, including one with those food allergies, tried Indian food for the first time tonight. They came away as converts--and most importantly, the student with food allergies was easily able to explore without any fear of negative health consequences.<br />
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All of this resonates with one thing I've come to appreciate about Scotland: The kindness I feel here. Sure, Scotland and Scots can be rough around the edges as they themselves will admit, but in many respects, there is an effort to be inclusive and supportive of people. I remember back in 2017 when we visited an SNP campaign office, I suggest that I and my students would happily campaign on the doors for them during the election (we had done so for Labour and the Tories in London), but I thought our American accents would be a detriment. No, assured the office manager, it would not matter at all. If you lived in Scotland, you were a Scot--full stop.<br />
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Inclusiveness and kindness. Two qualities I've come to appreciate about Scotland and its people.David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-64443726635124971312019-05-02T21:22:00.002-07:002019-05-02T21:50:14.266-07:00I Predict a [Political] RiotYes, I'm totally watching coverage of the 2019 local government elections in England tonight. UK politics is clearly on my mind.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4F89B_CtQKvU-RzjSL5BJzwd9oo48vL8n53ZMZRg3HEFcqxOQ2AFgYbOQSxJwP_luMbZXuh5aaev-wqyby1qKPnl6EGeMICWD0ym_uTbO3nxI8GObRtRXtUVR1pGYY5DCNDFVwO2j32Jd/s1600/John+Curtice.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="665" data-original-width="1225" height="173" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4F89B_CtQKvU-RzjSL5BJzwd9oo48vL8n53ZMZRg3HEFcqxOQ2AFgYbOQSxJwP_luMbZXuh5aaev-wqyby1qKPnl6EGeMICWD0ym_uTbO3nxI8GObRtRXtUVR1pGYY5DCNDFVwO2j32Jd/s320/John+Curtice.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Is Sir John Curtice on TV? Yes, yes he is. Coverage of 2019 Local Elections</td></tr>
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In about a week, I’ll be in a plane flying across the pond to lead my third group of Montana State British politics students across the UK. While the trip has evolved (from three to two weeks) and the cities have changed a bit (Belfast and York were dropped; Cardiff added), there has been one constant: We tend to show up when things in British politics are utterly fascinating and unexpected. </div>
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For example:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span>In 2015, we arrived two weeks after the General Election where the Conservatives, beat the odds and won a majority. All the polls and prediction models suggested a hung Parliament with Labour holding the most seats. But it was not to be. Ed Miliband resigned, Nick Clegg was out, David Cameron was a political genius, and we got tickets to the Queen’s Speech Debate.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span>In 2017, David Cameron had left Number 10 in disgrace after losing the EU Referendum. Teresa May, looking at polls suggesting the Conservatives would crush a Corbyn-led Labour Party, went to Parliament and asked for an Election under the terms of the Fixed Terms Parliament Act. Conservatives happily voted for an election and so did Labour—with perhaps some members of the PLP hoping a Labour wipeout might force Corbyn from the leadership. We showed upon the middle of the campaign, and canvassed for both Labour and the Tories in a marginal seat in North London. We left before the campaign concluded, but again, the unexpected transpired: May lost her majority and was forced into a confidence and supply arrangement with the DUP.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span>This time, we will drop into Edinburgh in the wake of May failing to pass her Brexit plan in Parliament after several goes, the date of Brexit pushed back to perhaps October, possible European elections to be held on May 23<sup>rd</sup>, and a set of local election results with a shocking showing for the Liberal Democrats, Greens, and Independent candidates. And, perhaps—just perhaps—Teresa May will no longer be Prime Minister by the time we leave on May 26<sup>th</sup>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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I can’t wait to land, again, in the middle of unprecedented political times and to show my students the Britain I’ve come to know and love. The one thing I’m itching to ask British politicians is if we are at the cusp of a fundamental transformation in the party system. Recent events seem to suggest precisely that: Voters are punishing the parties in their strongholds, suggesting both an exhaustion with the status quo and the apparent inability of either party to produce results. May and the Tories can’t seem to get the UK out of the EU, and Labour can’t seem to present a competent and compelling alternative. Which either party survive intact? That’s the <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">£</span>65,000 question.<o:p></o:p><br />
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David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-17873560030387179882017-05-16T14:59:00.003-07:002017-05-16T14:59:39.425-07:00The Value of Failure<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Sometimes, failed quests are the most fun because while you
may fall short of your objectives, you can draw some interesting conclusions
from those failures and learn things you didn’t expect.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This morning started out easy enough: We visited the
Churchill War Rooms, one of my favorite museums and—often—a favorite of my
students as well. Churchill is simply a larger than life figure who, while
well-known for his successful leadership in Britain’s darkest hour, actually
had a career full of failures. Churchill went to South Africa to cover the Boer
War and was captured. He recommended the bold and daring Dardanelles campaign
while at the Admiralty, and its spectacular collapse and the great loss of life
led to his resignation from the Cabinet. Churchill wrongly bet against the
government in the abdication crisis, supporting King Edward. By the mid-1930s,
Churchill was in the political wilderness and ignored by the public and the
government when he repeatedly rang the alarm about Hitler’s designs on Europe.
But it was because he was in the wilderness, because he had failed and been
ostracized for his failures, that Churchill was exactly the man to come to the
rescue when everyone else had lost public credibility for appeasing Hitler.
Churchill’s failures paved the path for him to become Prime Minister when
Britain needed him and his abilities the most.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Keeping the importance of failure in mind, this afternoon
was an epic series of failures. My co-leader, Doralyn and I, led a group of
three students to the Red Lion—a pub near the Parliament Square with a division
bell signaling MPs when their presence was required to cast a vote—for lunch.
The pub was jammed with people and the wait interminable. So we went elsewhere
to eat before heading out on our next mission: To procure campaign signs,
placard, T-shirts, and the like from the three major parties contesting the
election in England (I say England as the other parties from whom we wanted
campaign materials do not contest seats in English constituencies). </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
We first went to Labour’s national headquarters, on Victoria
Street. After some difficulty finding the precise location of the headquarters,
we were turned away with nothing to show for our efforts. The national party,
we were informed, is not a public office; an appointment was required. We did
call an information number and were told that the constituency or regional
campaign headquarters would likely help us out. As we were going to be
campaigning in Hampstead and Kilburn on Wednesday and Thursday, we figured we be
able to get Labour and Conservative materials then.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
We were not, however, going to campaign for the Liberal
Democrats. After locating the Liberal Dems headquarters in Hampstead and
Kilburn, we walked to Victoria Station, hoped on the Victoria Line and headed
north. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
(SIDE NOTE: <i>The Evening Standard</i>'s front page for the day was fantastic. "Comrade Corbyn Flies the Red Flag"--the paper was readily available for free around Victoria Station) </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
After one stop, we switched to the Jubilee line for a twenty five minute
ride to West Hampstead Station. Then, a five minute walk to Liberal Democrats
HQ—and we’d have our campaign goods, right?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPHhZ-gu26cmEV_A1S6qgV9-UQTaIltjXIfoDVHJppKzWC7tq06hcVk8UbHJKAXvcV4tc-UVIRvVifmplN2dn9UMb5BUnkQGTeOB8d2IoIyxhAyh39dp3Ev2RvKZ3ZlvvD0IOJdOdBDtWS/s1600/18485894_10210888629885234_5267083933067473782_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPHhZ-gu26cmEV_A1S6qgV9-UQTaIltjXIfoDVHJppKzWC7tq06hcVk8UbHJKAXvcV4tc-UVIRvVifmplN2dn9UMb5BUnkQGTeOB8d2IoIyxhAyh39dp3Ev2RvKZ3ZlvvD0IOJdOdBDtWS/s320/18485894_10210888629885234_5267083933067473782_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I just...want...some signs...and T-shirts.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Wrong. We found a derelict office space looking worse for
wear on the lowest level of what looked to be a mixed-use council estate. There
was no apparent way to get to the office space plastered with Liberal Democrat
placards, however. We walked through the building, around the building, and
back until we finally found the entrance: A gated garage with a coded keypad.
There was no other way into the office space, and no phone number was listed on
the website from which to contact anyone who may have been working diligently
for the Liberal Democratic cause in Hampstead and Kilburn. Perhaps this was a
sign of the lack of Liberal Democrat effort in the constituency; indeed, in
2015 the Liberal Democrats received less than six percent of the vote (a loss
of nearly 27 percentage points from 2010). Given the constituency voted
overwhelmingly to remain in the EU, the lack of interest in contesting
Hampstead and Kilburn is somewhat surprising. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
What is even more surprising, however, is the difficulty we
faced simply trying to get electioneering materials. True, I’m not convinced
had we stopped by the DNC or RNC in Washington that we would have been greeted
with open arms and given copious amounts of buttons, pins, shirts, and
brochures. But surely a constituency campaign office, heading the local
campaign efforts, would have been easily accessible to the public during a
campaign with a vote taking place in less than four weeks?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In any case, on the thirty minute Tube journey back to the
hotel, I reflected not on our misfortunes, but on our adventure. We visited
parts of London tourists usually don’t see. We laughed together and simply
enjoyed the camaraderie shared by adventurers on a great quest. And, it allowed
us to make some political observations aiding us in our understanding of
British politics generally and the current play of the race both broadly and in
Hampstead and Kilburn in particular.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-89798615717703043432017-05-15T15:20:00.000-07:002017-05-15T15:20:00.602-07:00That Which Binds a Nation<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
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Today, we took a grand tour of London, including spending
considerable time in Westminster Abbey and walking throughout some of the City
of London—which is the financial sector of London. I asked my students to write
about what struck them as uniquely British—or at least, different—from the
United States in their journals for the evening.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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I’ve spend some time pondering this question, and my
thoughts keep going back to Westminster Abbey, which was founded in 960.
Obviously, the United States is far younger than Great Britain and, as a
republic, doesn’t have a hereditary monarchy. But we don’t really have a place
like Westminster Abbey either, which simultaneously manages to play important roles
in the nation’s politics, religion, and cultural history. The kings and queens
of the nation until the establishment of the Windsor dynasty are buried there,
as are important military, political, scientific, and literary figures. When
Queen Elizabeth dies, Charles, the Prince of Wales, will be crowned there. And
the church itself remains an important part of the religious life of the Anglican
Church.</div>
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There is no similar place in the United States. There is no
official state religion per the U.S. Constitution. American presidents are not
buried in one place, but scattered throughout the nation per their expressed
wishes. We don’t honor our literary or artistic greats in any one place either,
and the peaceful transfer of power takes place routinely on the steps of the
U.S. Capitol--and rarely upon the sudden death of our head of state. Quite simply, there is no one place that embodies the cultural,
religious, and political heart of the American nation like there is in Great
Britain. </div>
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In the United States, there is no one place which binds our
nation together on so many dimensions like Westminster Abbey. The only analog,
perhaps, is the Constitution itself which represents the collective hopes and
dreams of the American people who are bound together by its enduring principles
(and sometimes competing) of freedom and equality.And while the Constitution can be visited in the National Archives and is a remarkable accomplishment, sometimes I wonder what it would be like to have one national building to celebrate what it means to be American in all its varied dimensions.</div>
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David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-80703609821792929202017-05-14T13:37:00.001-07:002017-05-14T13:37:29.900-07:00Everyone Wants to Get to London...That line, from the opening vignette in the book Londoners, has struck me since I've read it because while London means so many things to so many people, many share one thing in common: hopes for something new from life. Americans, traveling abroad, seeking new adventures in the big city in a new country. Brits, who migrate to London seeking new financial opportunities. Members from the EU and beyond, who come here to start new lives--many times fleeing tyranny and oppression. And, in my case, an academic who has always had an interest in understanding British politics and history as an intellectual, now seeking to expand into new realms of learning with the rekindled curiosity of a younger man. London: A place many want to be. And, yet, a place that is often resented and demonized elsewhere.<br />
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Take, for example, an observation made today by one of my students. After an afternoon and evening of walking, he said that he's heard many accents--but few that are British, English, Scottish, Welsh, or Irish. The woman checking us into today: Italian. The waiters in our restaurant: East European. The border agents checking our passports: Indian. London, above all else, is British precisely because of its colorful tapestry and the cacophony of its accents.<br />
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The big question is how much will London lose as the United Kingdom prepares to exit the European Union? Perhaps a lot indeed. Many industries throughout the nation depend upon the free flow of labor. London, the financial capital of Europe and perhaps the world, thrives precisely because of its connectivity to the European Union. The tourism industry--which is housing and feeding us during our three weeks--is in a tough position. Although the weakened pound against the dollar provides greater incentives for Americans to make the trip across the pond, the industry may have difficulty addressing increased demand without access to European workers (see here <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-39448424">for example</a>).<br />
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Many who voted for it did so to protest free trade and the overbearing role of London in the British economy. Many of these voters--especially older voters--look back fondly to the days of the British Empire. The great irony of Brexit, then, that in voting to leave the European Union, Brexiters may have fatally wounded one of its last vestiges: an economically vitally and globally integrated London.<br />
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Will everyone still want to get to London in ten years? That remains to be seen.<br />
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<br />David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-80750494569739331222017-05-12T14:52:00.000-07:002017-05-12T14:52:10.546-07:00Realigning Elections and the UK: Thoughts as We Get Ready to Head over the Pond<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha8f1uf-XVJhN6Bd_LRDuCdbGryovGBM0Xd_vdn34sNGoJUOLwl-hjaUOspDqj42jIoTCWlU1_T0Qsbn6GPHANvjfKTZ-92V7ltS49wvDkSRAXSwsF6KF6E5JSGo7whg73NCRtbjxkC3AY/s1600/Key.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha8f1uf-XVJhN6Bd_LRDuCdbGryovGBM0Xd_vdn34sNGoJUOLwl-hjaUOspDqj42jIoTCWlU1_T0Qsbn6GPHANvjfKTZ-92V7ltS49wvDkSRAXSwsF6KF6E5JSGo7whg73NCRtbjxkC3AY/s1600/Key.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">V.O. Key, author of "A Theory of Critical Elections"</td></tr>
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There's an older tradition in the study of American politics that postulates, quite plausibly, that certain elections have enduring consequences for the party system. The idea was first trotted about by V.O. Key, where he argued that there are episodic "critical elections" that rearrange the deck chairs of the party system. In his seminal piece, published in 1955, Key looks at presidential election results in New England to show that the elections of 1896 and 1928 had created an enduring Republican majority in the first case, and established the lasting New Deal/Democratic coalition in the later. Walter Dean Burnham expanded considerably on Key's work, arguing that elections are the pressure values of democracy. Burnham argues that there's a fundamental lag between society needs/wants and the political system's ability to address those needs. Societal pressures mount,pushing against a resisting political system until--snap!--changes occurring in broader society cause an electoral earthquake where the party system is shattered and a new electoral order is established. These elections that reorder the political landscape are called realigning elections. This is also the basis for Stephen Skowronek's theory of the presidency. Regimes are established by reconstructive presidents (who happen to preside over a realigning type election) that persist for a period of time until they lose the support of the public and crumble under the weight of the regime's commitments.<br />
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I mention all of this on the eve of my British Politics class' departure for the United Kingdom because it feels very much like we are dropping in on a similar realigning type election. Although we should be cautious of projections and models which aggregate polling data, as demonstrated quite plainly by forecast models universally predicting a hung parliament in 2015 and a Clinton presidential win in 2016, those models today indicate an electoral tsunami washing over the Labour Party. It is quite possible that the Labour Party may be reduced around 150 seats if we believe reports from within the Labour Party and<a href="http://electionforecast.co.uk/"> some forecasting models</a>. That would put the Labour Party back to the election of 1935, when it held 154 seats (a big gain from a disastrous 1931 election). The conservatives, on the other hand, would enjoy a majority akin to that won by Tony Blair in 1997 and would have a considerable mandate supporting its hard Brexit position which would pull the UK not only out of the EU, but out of the Common Market (and allow for stricter controls on immigration).<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1997 UK General Election Results</td></tr>
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Labour is in a tough spot. Part of this has to do with what appears to be the demise of UKIP voters, who are turning to the conservative party now that Brexit is a fait accompli. This helps conservatives shore up their marginal seats while at the same time putting Labour seats at risk where there was a strong Leave vote and a strong second or third place UKIP showing in 2015. I recommend t<a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/election-2017-39874420">his election analysis</a> by BBC showing the very clear threat to Labour. <br />
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In a post-Brexit world, it is unclear how Labour will survive. This is further compounded by the fact party supporters have, against the wishes of the Parliamentary Party, chosen an old school leftist as party leader making it difficult to appeal to centrist and middle class voters. All of this puts Labour in a particularly bad spot, which is precisely why Theresa May chose to call the early election in the first place.<br />
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Labour's survival as a major party in a two party system is in doubt. Realigning elections can dramatically alter party systems. The Federalist Party ceased to be a force after the realigning election of 1800 in the US, and the Whigs collapsed in 1860--giving way to the rise of the Republican Party. There is no reason to presume that the Labour Party must remain a relevant and competitive electoral party. The Labour Party took advantage of the Liberal Party's collapse in the early days of the 20th century, and the Liberal Democrats can surely capitalize by pulling moderate and more conservative Labour politicians to their side if they have a respectable showing in this election. Indeed, if Labour persists on retaining Jeremy Corbyn after a dismal showing in June, it is quite possible that we may be witnessing a realigning election of historic portions and enduring consequences. Perhaps Labour's collapse in Scotland was not an isolated incident but merely a harbinger of far worse tidings for the party.<br />
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I was in Germany during the 1998 General election and it was an amazing thing to behold. I'm excited that my students and I will be on hand for this potentially game changing election. We'll be campaigning in a marginal constituency while in London, and rest assured, I'll be getting as much election related swag as humanly possible!David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-27937908441561049122017-04-25T19:01:00.001-07:002017-04-26T08:50:01.710-07:00Theresa May, Jeremy Corbyn, and Brexit, Oh, My: Our Return to the United Kingdom<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo Credit: @caitlynmrichter</td></tr>
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In two and a half weeks, I will for the second time in two years take a group of Montana State students across the pond to learn about British politics, history, culture, and cuisine. As I finalize all the little details such as putting down deposits for meals, adding or deleting an activity, and making sure everyone knows where we'll meet at Heathrow, I'm struck by how much has changed since June 2015:<br />
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1. David Cameron had won a surprise election victory that no one anticipated, gaining a slim conservative majority when we all thought there would be yet another coalition (likely Labour-led) government. Today, Cameron is off making speeches while his former Home Secretary, Teresa May, is the Prime Minister.<br />
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2. Scotland had only eight months prior rejected a bid for independence. Now First Minister Nicola Sturgeon (not Alexander Salmond) is talking about a second referendum.<br />
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3. Britain voted to leave the European Union, but Nigel Farage is no longer UKIP's party leader (and the party itself is in disarray).<br />
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4. Last time, we arrived immediately AFTER a general election and had the opportunity to see the Queen's Speech debate. This time, Parliament will be dissolved and we will be in the middle of the third election campaign that Britain has seen in two years. We won't get to see Parliament in session. We will, however, have the opportunity to do some campaigning in a marginal seat in North London.<br />
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5. Ed Miliband is on the back benches. Labour has put a hard-left rebel in charge (at least he won't muck up a bacon sandwich, as he's a vegetarian). George Osborne is leaving Parliament. Labour has had two leadership contests and is likely to lose handily to the Tories in June, leading to yet another change of party leadership this autumn.<br />
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6. The Tories--the TORIES--are the official opposition party in Scotland and are likely to make gains in the general election at the expense of SNP. Labour, once the dominant party in Scotland, is fading into irrelevance.<br />
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<br />
7. The Liberal Democrats, with 57 seats in 2010, finally joined a government. And what did they get for their troubles? A loss of 49 seats in 2015--and Nick Clegg resigning as leader. And yet, hope springs eternal as Brexit has handed them a life-line in pro-Remain areas.<br />
<br />
8. Northern Ireland had an assembly election with Sinn Fein coming within one seat of the DUP. The elections were held in March, and still no government has been formed. The vote to leave the European Union raises a host of questions regarding the status of the Good Friday Agreement as well as the prospect of a closed border between Northern Ireland and Ireland.<br />
<br />
9. In class, we've talked about how hard it is to hold an early election after the passage of the Fixed Terms Parliament Act (oops) and how in many respects the British style of electioneering has become more presidential with the adoption of party leader debates--that is, until Theresa May refused to participate in any this go around. Frankly, I think this is a mistake--I can't envision debates actually helping Corbyn. Then again, when your party is up 26 points, why give them any chance at all to make up that ground? <br />
<br />
The first trip was an experience of a lifetime, filled with adventure and learning. The second trip? There's even more to learn now that I know a bit better what questions I need to ask. I can't wait to share my passion for travel with another group of fine MSU students.<br />
<br />
Thankfully, there will still be ONE thing that's constant<br />
. And that's Professor John Curtice on the BBC election night decision desk!<br />
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David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-5057384858667631822015-06-08T09:06:00.004-07:002015-06-08T09:06:53.771-07:00Northern Ireland: Less Troubled Today<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Growing up in the 1970s and 1980s, Northern Ireland was a
scary place. There’s no way I would have ever imagined visiting, let alone
willingly lead a group of students on a study abroad trip. Today, 17 years
after the signing of the Good Friday Agreement, I have visited both Belfast and
Londonderry, two towns scarred deeply by the Troubles. The communities are
quiet and economically vibrant. One can’t help, though, that it will still take
another generation for the wounds of the past violence to really begin to heal.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZhZ0zy0AjPnhCA5cOybsLB89cDnMEre48QYbEu-GUreDqJ6O2GbiaPIRSQUHwlXDDpJf6nnm47KFKv6vrxXyyLmLxYSOQHzAaqCofLMyQxaam1n75XVDaoMr1ImeQxTbNUD8sgouUsV3e/s1600/IMG_3216.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZhZ0zy0AjPnhCA5cOybsLB89cDnMEre48QYbEu-GUreDqJ6O2GbiaPIRSQUHwlXDDpJf6nnm47KFKv6vrxXyyLmLxYSOQHzAaqCofLMyQxaam1n75XVDaoMr1ImeQxTbNUD8sgouUsV3e/s320/IMG_3216.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Europa Hotel, a block from our lodgings</td></tr>
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A sign of the times: We are staying one block from the
Europa Hotel, once the most bombed hotel in Europe. We move freely in and out
of the city center here in Belfast regardless of the time of day. During the
troubles, the City Centre was barricaded after 6 PM. The only way in or out was
through a single turnstile. In Derry, a watch tower sat on the City Walls
overlooking the Catholic Bogside, scenes of so many protests and violent police
attacks. All signs of those towers are gone.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-0CESXmALHEYcNkN18ojF_e8ViIm6fDusvFTdUA93sFkszpaFAhffdgnmMqFT_cV0Qig89__2sKJEiiF5ObC-sd4JgX1D_d-OnEwDJLJddefzyblT_1hJO_Q0hfXW2s7gjqBUJH_D_gjG/s1600/IMG_3130.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-0CESXmALHEYcNkN18ojF_e8ViIm6fDusvFTdUA93sFkszpaFAhffdgnmMqFT_cV0Qig89__2sKJEiiF5ObC-sd4JgX1D_d-OnEwDJLJddefzyblT_1hJO_Q0hfXW2s7gjqBUJH_D_gjG/s320/IMG_3130.JPG" width="240" /></a></div>
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Pieces of the Troubles remain, of course. The apartment
building that once housed IRA snipers—and later—a British military barracks.
The “peace walls” that blocked off Protestant and Catholics from each other.
The murals paying tribute to those who fought on both sides, and the murals
painted today reflecting current political issues. </div>
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<br /></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From Derry's city walls where a military tower overlooked the Catholic Bogside</td></tr>
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<br /></div>
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And then there are the psychological scars. Our tour guide
in Derry grew up in a prominent Republican family, and recounted for us the
weekly raids at 3 am on his house—hiding in his bed while a British army
officer stood, unmoving, staring at him with a barrel of a gun raised. </div>
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<br /></div>
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The gentleman manning the Museum of Free Derry’s tour desk saw
his brother shot and killed during the Bloody Sunday March in 1972. We saw the
rag on display used to mop up his blood. We were also treated to a display of
various rubber bullets and ammunition used by the military and police to
maintain order. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjZeFpQLR7IxdEtStBg7U5zUT7U2AcGyzYtFUTq_Q7_rcGgd0xkEPohFuuMWTqdAdPmonjypAJdfWNDvlRHXnKSn8qC6NHPZpzU-EiMY9m3CaMM_IDFjYQos0E8pJraewiyFion1Awchvi/s1600/IMG_3341.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjZeFpQLR7IxdEtStBg7U5zUT7U2AcGyzYtFUTq_Q7_rcGgd0xkEPohFuuMWTqdAdPmonjypAJdfWNDvlRHXnKSn8qC6NHPZpzU-EiMY9m3CaMM_IDFjYQos0E8pJraewiyFion1Awchvi/s320/IMG_3341.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Weapons used by British Military and Police during the Troubles</td></tr>
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We witnessed the abject hatred both sides felt for each
other in the form of a letter sent to the families of one of the Bloody Sunday
victims shortly after Bloody Sunday. I took an image, but the language is too
profane to post here. I will share the conclusion of the letter:</div>
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<br /></div>
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“’The Wray family,’ get out of your
home or be burned out. Ulster is British, God Save the Queen. No Surrender.”</div>
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0X-hG_l0BNCShhqmWlHxGPeyUPKDmHZvEt2IjdB20TLue2Ia0C-9O8nwvIGJGBtp8PyPWcEHD7T5xjIwdWpnSnY-fZFMH39wnrX_bnT1d37k0t6JgZkIJIC516r51pA6VGPf-Q2oQobAP/s1600/IMG_3069.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0X-hG_l0BNCShhqmWlHxGPeyUPKDmHZvEt2IjdB20TLue2Ia0C-9O8nwvIGJGBtp8PyPWcEHD7T5xjIwdWpnSnY-fZFMH39wnrX_bnT1d37k0t6JgZkIJIC516r51pA6VGPf-Q2oQobAP/s320/IMG_3069.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A mural on the Peace Walls along Falls Road</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Signed “your enemies.”</div>
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<br /></div>
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Some of my students commented on how amazing it is, given the
intensity of the hatred, that the Peace has held up so well and such
considerable strides have been made. Just as important to ponder, however, is
how such deep-seeded hatred took root in the first place. I certainly hope that
we can learn from the terrible experiences of the Irish so that we may never
again witness such depravity, discrimination, and injustice. </div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgO8D98ZB4vUKcO8E_p9sgGMncIaISSY0AS5XK9ldyo4kOBmlRNxccRBLQSPX53ouphphILgRDHQ_b9KkWCvR-3sCDcZuA_kWBhRosGDKndw8K__-w_x1ggtZlvIYVsDytEv84UulbvelyQ/s1600/IMG_3333.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgO8D98ZB4vUKcO8E_p9sgGMncIaISSY0AS5XK9ldyo4kOBmlRNxccRBLQSPX53ouphphILgRDHQ_b9KkWCvR-3sCDcZuA_kWBhRosGDKndw8K__-w_x1ggtZlvIYVsDytEv84UulbvelyQ/s320/IMG_3333.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Derry City Hall, site of the Saville Inquiry into the events of Bloody Sunday</td></tr>
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David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-34952727450901950982015-06-04T02:48:00.002-07:002015-06-04T02:48:55.844-07:00Scottish Independence: Answering the Tough QuestionWe met yesterday with two members of the Scottish National Parliament, Annabel Goldie and Linda Fabiani. Ms. Goldie is a Tory, and in fact is the former head of the Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party. Ms. Fabiani is a member of the Scottish National Party. Both were elected to serve in the Scottish Parliament since its inception, and both served on the Smith Commission on devolved powers to Scotland. After that, the similarities end. Ms. Goldie was a strong supporter the Better Together Campaign, whilst Ms. Fabiani continues to fight for Scottish independence.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Meeting with MSP Linda Fabiani (SNP)</td></tr>
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Our visits with both were thoroughly enjoyable and we learned an awful lot from each perspective about Scotland. What struck me is how both encapsulated two very different approaches to the question of independence and how each framed the debate. In many ways, the frames both used to discuss independence demonstrate quite clearly why No won and why Yes did not.<br />
<br />
University of Edinburgh Professor Nicola McEwan showed us data that very clearly explained how Better Together managed to keep Scotland in the United Kingdom. People who voted No, for the most part, did not do so because of any great love of the United Kingdom or any deep sense of Britishness. They did so because many questions remained unanswered. These include the currency question, the reliance of Scotland on oil revenues, and how independence would affect personal finances. Quite simply, the move was considered too risky. The silver lining for SNP is that the question of risk could be assuaged if SNP could offer reasonable solutions. This suggests, of course, that independence might indeed be possible in the future because folks could be convinced on the merits. Had most respondents indicated that remaining with the UK for sentimental or emotional reasons tied to the notion of Britishness, then it would be much harder to move them with rational argument.<br />
<br />
What struck me was how both representatives continued using the same arguments for why independence can or cannot work. Ms. Fabiani generally dismissed the economic arguments outlined by Ms. Goldie, who noted that the collapse of oil prices proved the Better Together campaign right. Independence would have been financially disastrous. Ms. Fabiani emphasized that such a position distracted from first principles. Other countries figure out ups and downs economically; so could Scotland. In essence, Ms. Fabiani claimed that arguments made against independence belittled the capabilities of Scots. As she said this, I was instantly reminded of a piece of pottery shown to us at the National Museum of Scotland. This particular work of art showed a dimwitted Scot sitting with both legs in a toilet, suggesting that Scots were so stupid, they couldn't even figure out how to relieve themselves. The Yes campaign strongly believed, and still believes, that Scotland's potential has been crushed and suppressed by its union with England.<br />
<br />
At its crux, the arguments for Scottish independence focused on pride in people and a culture with an optimism for the future. Arguments against independence focused on pride, too, but with a careful examination of where Scotland had been in the past. Many of my students pointed to the Darien expedition, the cost overruns incurred on the Parliament building and the Edinburgh tram as examples, perhaps, of the consequences of overly optimistic exuberance. There are two ways to think of Scottish history. One is through the lens of Scottish successes and achievements whilst the other is through memories of Scottish overreach and disappointment. Methinks until SNP can provide concrete data and answers to the Scottish skeptics, independence will continue to elude their grasp.<br />
<br />
Unless, of course, the current government manages to irritate enough Scots so that their pride and passion overrides any presentation of concrete facts. Some told me they don't envy David Cameron. And neither do I. <br />
<br />David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-10900448143160669692015-06-02T09:07:00.002-07:002015-06-02T09:07:26.942-07:00Incumbency, Casework, Electronic Voting, and a Failed Expedition: What Scotland Can Teach us about Political ScienceThe Scottish Parliament and Scottish politics have been the focus of our visits both yesterday and today. We toured the Scottish Parliament this morning, sat in on a committee meeting, and met with Susan Deacon, a former member of the Scottish Government and Member of the Scottish National Parliament for eight years.Yesterday, we took a tour of the Scottish National Museum focused on Parliament and had a lively discussion with Dr. Nicola McEwen, an expert on territorial politics at the University of Edinburgh.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">MSU Brit Politics Rocking the Debating Chamber at the Scottish Parliament</td></tr>
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<br />
I have three roughly formed insights about what I've observed/learned, and some questions I'll probably try to answer in some future blogs.<br />
<br />
1. Incumbency and Pork<br />
<br />It has been noted by Gary Jacobson that the incumbency advantage, particularly in the United States Senate, has been eroding for quite some time. Essentially, as the parties have become more polarized, it is ever-harder for centrists members who have developed strong constituency service reputations and an ability to bring pork back to the district/state to attract cross-partisan support. Add to that the difficulty pork barrel Republicans have faced recently with the rise of the Tea Party, and it has become less clear that bringing goodies from Washington back home has quite the political punch it once did. So it was with Labour and Liberal Democrats in Scotland. One of our commentators remarked that Labour thrived in Scotland, in part, because they could go to Westminster and bring back a bunch of goodies. It appears, however, that with the movement of Labour to the right under Tony Blair, the repeated successes of the Tories, and a belief among many that Labour no longer represents the interests of Scotland, here, too, it appears that a pork barrel reputation is less useful than it once was.<br /><br />
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<br />
2. Constituency and Casework<br />
<br />
In Scotland, every individual in a given region is represented by eight members of parliament: one is elected to a particular constituency in a plurality election, the other seven represent the region and are distributed based upon a complicated single transferable vote system. Essentially, Scots cast two votes: one for a member to represent the constituency, and then another for the party. These second votes are then roughly distributed--taking into account the plurality election results--to yield a party distribution roughly proportionate to the votes cast by party. In short, this allows Scots to vote both for a person and a party--and avoids the nettlesome issue of wasting votes for minor parties.<br />
<br />
There's a bunch to unpack there, but the observation I found interesting was made by our tour guide, Elizabeth. Constituents can approach any of their members of parliament in their region for assistance with casework concerns and matters, but generally speaking, members selected specifically to represent a geographic constituency in the plurality elections tend to get the bulk of the constituency service casework. Regional representatives, who are placed on lists by parties and are selected if their parties perform well on the second ballot, receive far less constituency service work. The interesting effect of this seems to be that even though there is a unicameral Scottish legislature, some members "behave" more like House members in the US context while regional members behave a bit more like senators (i.e, focus on policy more broadly than casework concerns). I thought this was utterly fascinating, and drove home the point that people are more likely to approach a member of a legislative body for help untangling bureaucracy if a) they have a clear geographic link to them and b) that member was physically listed on a ballot rather than a party list. Member selection, then, has a causal effect on the representational styles members can adopt.<br />
<br />
3. Party Unity<br />
<br />
In the UK Parliament, MPs do not vote electronically. Rather they gather must pass into the "yes" or "no" lobby and have their votes recorded there. As they pass into the lobbies, they must physically go by party whips who watch them as they vote. In the United States House and Senate, voting is electronic--members must put their card into the appropriate slot in order to cast their vote. But, those members must still go to one of the voting machines located throughout the floor to cast their votes where they can be buttonholed by party whips--and as votes often take some time, these members can be persuaded to change their vote. In the Scottish Parliament, all voting takes place within thirty seconds and is done at the member's desk. One wonders what effect these different voting mechanisms have on the propensity to toe the party line.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This chest once held something like 20 percent of the Scottish National Wealth</td></tr>
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Final interesting observation of the day: The Act of Union in 1707, which unified Scotland and England, came about in large part because of--a failed colony in Panama. That's right. Scotland tried to establish its own colony in Darien, on the Isthmus of Panama, and the promoters raised a tremendous sum of Scotland's wealth to pull the trick off. It failed miserably, and many of Scotland's political and economic elite were ruined. England was willing to pay off the debts incurred of Scotland's elite, but the price would be political union. It found it fitting that Queensberry' House was physically incorporated into Scottish Parliament building. The Duke of Queensberry was one of the individuals who had lost his shirt in Darien and was one of the chief advocates and eventual signatory to the Act of Union that extinguished Scottish independence and its parliament until 1999. It is an early example, too, of the influence of big money in politics.David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-46970889381833559002015-05-30T09:59:00.001-07:002015-05-30T09:59:29.938-07:00Building a Nation, One Symbol and One Legend at a Time<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd6LRhVD2guLEe44sxJpt2vYYCjG0dcmYSzofspM_lQpf2ArNUAjeFlUA1yGLZxMiVeEDNiO5zo3sOMgGgfWHrfRVoRD6XjzXbf8qG9e0iBWCYeXG2tBDjYQj1UgT8v1T22SX99MeY5Uqz/s1600/stone_Scone.jpe" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd6LRhVD2guLEe44sxJpt2vYYCjG0dcmYSzofspM_lQpf2ArNUAjeFlUA1yGLZxMiVeEDNiO5zo3sOMgGgfWHrfRVoRD6XjzXbf8qG9e0iBWCYeXG2tBDjYQj1UgT8v1T22SX99MeY5Uqz/s1600/stone_Scone.jpe" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Stone of Scone (Destiny)</td></tr>
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The Stone of Destiny. It's the rock upon which the kings and queens of Scotland are coronated. In the late 1200s, the King of England (Edward I, or Edward the Longshanks) stole the stone from Scotland, hauled it to England, put it in Westminster Abbey where it lay for more than 700 years. The thinking was if the Scots believed that standing on the stone made one King of Scotland, that Edward and his successors would become the monarchs of Scotland if they were coronated whilst sitting on the stone.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Robert the Bruce, outside Stirling Castle</td></tr>
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<br />
In the 1950s, the Stone was stolen by four university students from Glasgow in a daring heist, returning it to Scotland. Eventually, they turned the Stone over to authorities and was returned to Westminster Abbey where it again lay in the coronation chair.<br />
<br />
Until 1996.<br />
<br />
In 1996, the Stone was returned to Scotland as a gesture of goodwill. It is officially on "loan" to the government of Scotland, displayed in Edinburgh Castle. We got a good look at it yesterday, but were not able to take pictures. When a new king of the United Kingdom is crowned, the Stone will be returned to Westminster Abbey for the ceremony. It is unclear if it will then be returned to Scotland.<br />
<br />
Today, we spent the day touring some sights important to Scottish national pride and nationhood, so it was fitting that our driver just happened to be one of the Scottish policemen who drove the Stone of Destiny back to Scotland in 1996!<br />
<br />
The Scots have built a strong and distinctive national identity, which
they relish in. They keep it alive with their powerful stories and
national mythologies. The United States, too, has a strong sense of
national identity. The difference is that national identity was created
from scratch and has only really existed for about two hundred years.
The Scots, however, have a national identity far older--going back to
the Kenneth Macalpine, the so-called first King of the Scots. <br />
<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">View from The Wallace Monument, looking at the site of the Battle of Stirling Bridge</td></tr>
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National identity rests on places, symbols, and stories. We visited Stirling Castle and the William Wallace War Monument, which overlooks the site of Wallace's victory over the English at Stirling Bridge in 1297. Stirling sits at an important strategic crossroads where the Highlands meets the Lowlands, and at a narrow spot on the Forth river which represented one of the best crossing points. Many pitched battles for Scotland have been fought here or nearby, including Stirling and Bannockburn. We've read or heard about the story every day we've been in Scotland--from our tour guide, our driver, and a gentleman dressed in 13th century battle garb at the Wallace Monument. They relish in telling the tale of how the poor, outnumbered Scots crushed the hapless and witless English. And, truth be told, the English did seem to make some rather questionable military decisions.<br />
<br />
In thinking further about the future of Scotland, what is striking is the presence of so much pride the Scots have in their symbols, story, and national character. It's often said in Modern European History classes that the 16th-18th century represents the rise of the nation-state, and in the process of building nations, new national identities and connections were forged while old allegiances were either assimilated in the new identity or ruthlessly crushed.<br />
<br />
The problem is this process seemed, in some instances, to have failed quite spectacularly and national identities and symbols that were once thought relegated to the distant historical past are reemerging to fuel a new drive of nationalism. I remember when Yugoslavia broke apart in violence in the 1990s, and many commentators at the time noted that Yugoslavia was a bastardized state created from the ashes of World War I--a conglomeration of many different nationalities that had very little in common to bind them together. Once Communism collapsed and Tito died, those national impulsed which had been quashed came flooding out in an orgy of violent hatred.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Our intrepid storyteller, regaling us with the tale of Wallace's victory over the "Anglish"</td></tr>
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<br />
What's interesting in the case of Scotland is those very strong national feelings--tied to stories, legends, and symbols--have always been nurtured in Scotland at home and in school. We asked our driver today if it's possible to remain a patriotic Scot and, at the same time, be proud of being British or a part of the UK. He believed it was--and so did Gordon Brown. But looking at that long history of violent struggle against England and efforts of the United Kingdom to extinguish the Scottish national identity, it's hard to square that with a pride in a nation that seems itself at odds with what Scots want, especially if British becomes synonymous with Tory.<br />
<br />
I noted in my last post that perhaps monarchy is enough to keep the United Kingdom together. But now I wonder if perhaps the best chance for survival is for the United Kingdom to more explicit acknowledge and appropriate Scottish nationalism into its own greater national identity. Maybe the next monarch of England should consider two coronations: one in Westminster, and one in Scotland--leaving the Stone of Destiny where it is.<br />
<br />
Oh, and yeah. I did shout out from the top of the Wallace Monument, "You may take our lives, but you will never take our Freedom!" Had to be done. And so did this:<br />
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<br />
Really. Did you expect any less?<br />
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<br />David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-29211665264950660432015-05-29T09:40:00.001-07:002015-05-29T09:40:56.717-07:00Scotland: An Uncertain Future?We woke early this morning in Edinburgh to very different weather, a very different city, and a very different political world from London. London was warm and muggy; Edinburgh can't decide what the weather should be. It began cold and gray, the sun came out and warmed us up, then we got poured on, hailed on, the sun came back and then retreated. It never got above 55 degrees as we walked the city throughout the day.<br />
<br />
Edinburgh is much more compact. We never set foot in a car or bus, while we took the tube every day in London. The city is quiet--we never fought crowds save for the moment we huddled in archway at Edinburgh Castle during the hail storm and during rush hour. I kept my window open last night and very little of the city filtered in through the night, while there was a constant bustle outside my room in London. Edinburgh is much smaller and comfortable than the bright lights, big city of London.<br />
<br />
And then, the politics. Our guide noted that voter turnout for the independence referendum was 85 percent and, in the recent 2015 Westminster elections, it stayed about the same. In other parts of the UK, turnout was lower--at the normal 60-65 percent rate. Scotland seems more abuzz with political energy and restlessness than England, and the future here is still quite uncertain. The SNP represents 56 out of 59 seats--and controls every seat in Edinburgh, a region of Scotland that was a strong "No" in the recent independence referendum. The Saltire (or Scottish flag) is everywhere, and the Union Jack--when it flies--seems defiant and out of place.<br />
<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">At the top of Edinburgh Castle, the Scottish Flag</td></tr>
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Our guide believes that the return of the Tories to power might hasten the end of the union, noting that if SNP remains in power in next year's Scottish Parliament elections, it will be another mandate for a second referendum (which will be part of the party's manifesto). Remember, a powerful argument made during the independence campaign centered on the fact Scotland votes for leftist policies but gets Conservative governments in Westminster. The Tories have a tricky balance to pull off--avoid alienating their English supporters while trying to maintain their tenuous grip on the union. Not an easy feat to pull off.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Scottish Parliament, with emphasis on the left on member offices</td></tr>
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<br />
I suspect the union's fate is less in the hands of Cameron and the Tories than it is in how the SNP behaves. As our guide noted, it is likely in the interest of the SNP Party to make sure the current devolved arrangements don't work--because if they do, it will undercut their argument for independence. But, if SNP is seen as too willing to throw sand in the gears of government, it can backfire, too, making SNP appear too opportunistic. Furthermore, it is unclear to me that Alexander Salmond will stay on point down in Westminster with whatever First Minister Nicola Sturgeon decides is best for the party as a whole.<br />
<br />
There are so many moving parts it is hard to predict what will happen. I still think the Union will survive, but most certainly not it its present form. More power will flow Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland at a minimum, but I still think a federal solution is the only way to hold the constituent parts of the United Kingdom together. Even then, there are considerable differences in terms of defense and foreign policy between Scotland and the rest of the nation. Key, it seems, is how the European referendum shakes out. If there's a majority vote in Scotland to remain in and a majority vote in England to leave, it's hard to see how the union can survive intact long term.<br />
<br />
Tomorrow, we go to the heart of Scottish Nationalism--Stirling, and the William Wallace Memorial.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A monument erected by Scottish Nationalists, a torch that would burn until Scotland had its own Parliament. It is now dark.</td></tr>
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<br />
<br />
<br />David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-75405250566854972132015-05-28T07:05:00.002-07:002015-05-28T07:05:19.450-07:00Sorry!: The Queen's Speech Debate > SOTU<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR9z62vO6wgDRjneGWz6lbaGcWePfRZ88op0m_M2Ge-DmPefw16xSFalUpPZ4STOvO6NICKD8s1e4zkJF0YXzkRyB6dHQLAo1xVjWlH_uURpxQUWGNLShyphenhypheneSyEyXyLYMJhtHECDL03m9Pn/s1600/IMG_2725.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR9z62vO6wgDRjneGWz6lbaGcWePfRZ88op0m_M2Ge-DmPefw16xSFalUpPZ4STOvO6NICKD8s1e4zkJF0YXzkRyB6dHQLAo1xVjWlH_uURpxQUWGNLShyphenhypheneSyEyXyLYMJhtHECDL03m9Pn/s320/IMG_2725.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Queen arriving at the Sovereign Gate</td></tr>
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<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">When President Obama gives the State
of the Union address, he goes up to Capitol Hill, is politely received, and
drones on for about 60 to 75 minutes about what he plans to accomplish in the
upcoming year. He is applauded frequently and often, especially by his party.
When he’s done, he leaves the chamber and then, in some other place,
Republicans air their response to the President’s proposals. It’s neat, it’s
tidy, and it’s---boring.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">At the State Opening of Parliament,
it’s much more exciting. Multiple carriages enter through Sovereign’s Gate in
the Victoria Tower carrying the State Crown, the Prince of Wales, and the Queen
of England. Once the Queen arrives in the House of Lords, Black Rod—with great
ceremony—approaches the House of Commons to request their presence in the Lords
for the speech. The door is slammed on Black Rod initially, demonstrating that
the Commons is independent of both the Lords and the Monarch, who is not
allowed to enter the House of Commons. After knocking on the door with a staff,
Black Rod enters and then the House of Commons proceeds to Lords to sit and
listen to the Queen’s speech.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Queen then addresses the packed
Lords chamber and gives a speech—written by the Prime Minster and his
government—outlining the legislative program for the year. The speech lasts
about ten or fifteen minutes. The Queen departs, and later in the afternoon,
the House of Commons and Lords meet to debate the contents of the speech over
the next few days.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Today, on our last day in London, we
went to Westminster to see the Queen arrive for the State Opening, watched the
speech in a nearby pub, and then—thanks to the Speaker’s office, the British
American Parliamentary Group, and the Commonwealth Parliamentary Group—we
watched the House of Commons debate the Queen’s speech for an hour. We had
front row seats in the distinguished visitor’s gallery, where we saw Alexander
Salmon and his 55 SNP colleagues, former Lib Dem Leader Nick Clegg, Interim
Labour Leader Harriet Harman, Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne, and
Prime Minister David Cameron.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3OI6dPQNIK8L9wkXpgpGHCiI4PjDaZ2gJpXae57_hTSrctTeYr7Ea-j6Yp7nOGCHVVQiHTGim-ABmRvEC7E992H9AZn84xNyjSGfE6OfoOiAiR875eznoM9bx7ZrAkS92aOikHoP73tsr/s1600/Burns-653x398.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3OI6dPQNIK8L9wkXpgpGHCiI4PjDaZ2gJpXae57_hTSrctTeYr7Ea-j6Yp7nOGCHVVQiHTGim-ABmRvEC7E992H9AZn84xNyjSGfE6OfoOiAiR875eznoM9bx7ZrAkS92aOikHoP73tsr/s320/Burns-653x398.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Simon Burns, MP for Chelmsford</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Traditionally, the debate leads off
with two speeches from members of the governing party—one of whom proposes to
accept the Queen’s speech and another who delivers a seconding address. MP
Simon Burns from Chelmsford gave the first speech, and Sheryll Murray gave the
seconding speech. Both speeches are supposed to be full of humor, as both these
speeches were. After the proposal has been made and seconded, debate is opened
by the main opposition party with the government’s response given by the Prime
Minister. We witnessed this entire exchange before we left to attend a meeting
with John Spellar.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">My overwhelming reaction, aside from
an amazing sense of awe and an enormous amount of geeking out over witnessing
history unfolding before my very eyes, was one of sheer delight at personal and
raucous nature of the whole affair. It was anything but boring. The speeches
were at once funny, cutting, and serious. The chamber erupts in laughter,
cheers, and groaning. It is lively and exciting—much more so than the
President’s State of the Union address. I’m glad that I and my students got to
see it up close and personal.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Queen's Guard</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">After watching the debate, we met
with an MP from the Labour Party, John Spellar. He said many interesting things
to us during our time together, but it was an observation about the Queen’s
speech that stuck out. He reminded us that the omissions in the speech are just
as important as the contents. In this case, he noted that the omission of a proposal
tackling changes in the Human Rights—an important campaign promise made by the
conservatives during the campaign—hints at some of the early challenges Cameron
faces with a slim majority and indicates a fault line with in the party that
might cause the government headaches down the road. Add to that a campaign
which purposely pitted England against Scotland in order to depress support for
Labour, and one wonders how long the Tories can govern a nation restless over
its future together.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">But just as important, I think, is
what the opposition party chose to accept in the government’s proposal, and
that’s a referendum on the UK’s future within the European Union. That signaled
to me, loud and clear, that Labour recognizes it has just as much of a problem
with UKIP in the long term as the conservatives do. If Labour can’t hold onto
the working class vote and confront fears over wages and immigration, Labour’s
future will be dark indeed. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Taking the long view, this past
election may very well not only be a last gasp of union, but of the two main
parties as well.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Meeting with MP John Spellar</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-78901946496205738902015-05-26T12:01:00.000-07:002015-05-26T12:01:00.789-07:00War, Peace, and Trustee RepresentationThe Imperial War Museum is on the south bank of the Thames, just a few tube stops away from Parliament. It was established in the 1920s in the wake of the Great War--the war that was supposed to end all wars. Inside, the wars of the United Kingdom of the 20th century are documented--from World War I and II, Korea, the Falklands, Afghanistan, Iraq, and the Troubles in Northern Ireland. The museum is comprehensive in terms of the British perspective, including exhibits devoted the costs of war on civilians and on the home front. I felt that was particularly nice. If I had a quibble, it was the fact that in emphasizing British participation, the broader perspective is lost. That said, I guess a Brit might thing the Yank perspective dominates our American war museums.<br />
<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Mickey Mouse Gas Mask</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Becoming a father changes you in ways you can't really anticipate. I grew up playing strategic war games--starting with board games and eventually moving to the computer. In that sense, I had a rather antiseptic and patriotic view of war. Visiting the Imperial War Museum and seeing it through the eyes of a father of two young children gave me a totally different perspective. I'm not ashamed to admit it: Seeing the gas masks made to protect infants and young children brought tears to my eyes. And seeing the twisted girders from the World Trade Center brought me immediately back to the horrors of that particular day. Leaving the museum, I wondered how and if we could ever rid our race of this propensity to kill one another. I really wish I could raise my daughters in a more peaceful world were they could focus on developing their potential instead of living in fear.<br />
<br />
So, I was bummed out before our next meeting, which was with Lord David Puttnam, who is a member of the House of Lords. I have always viewed the House of Lords with a heavy dose of American skepticism: It is a politically weak chamber filled with a bunch of folks who do really don't do much work and add little to the legislative process. The chamber, I felt, was basically honorific and substantively lacking.<br />
<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wreckage from the World Trade Center</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Lord Puttnam surprised me because he articulately defended the chamber with reasoned arguments. First, Lord Puttnam himself was appointed as Life Peer in 1997. He himself was not a member of the landed gentry and made his own way in the world as a rather famous and talented film producer. Puttnam passionately argued that the Lords has three important functions as a perfecting chamber, as in initiator of legislation in its own right, and the chamber which makes sure that legislation does not conflict with existing statutory or European Union commitments. Further, he called the Lords a chamber of "experts" who, because of their varied life experiences, are best able to make legislation fit practical circumstances in the real world.<br />
<br />
Perhaps most importantly, the Lords are the best at handling lobbyists. As he noted, some of the better lobbyists spend a good deal of time lobbying the House of Lords--not because they can buy members with campaign cash (they, of course, do not stand for election and do not have constituencies) but because they can make arguments for why particular legislation will not work to people who will understand the case practically. Further, as well experienced members, the Lords are not easily fooled by lobbyists because they are well-equipped to detect nonsense.<br />
<br />
Lord Puttnam was incredibly gracious with his time. It is also clear he's one of the enormously active members of the chamber--and he helped dispel some common misconceptions about the chamber that I, and perhaps many, Americans have.<br />
<br />
<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lord Puttnam and my class at Millbank House</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-46745513910143994112015-05-25T10:44:00.003-07:002015-05-25T10:44:40.022-07:00Shopping, Tea, and the VAT<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tea time!</td></tr>
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mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
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Travel can be mentally and physically exhausting. We are
walking between seven and ten miles every day, and learning so much that at the
end of the day we are spent. I’ve learned it’s critical to take a couple of
breaks to rehydrate and re-energize—even for a group of twenty-somethings. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Today is a public holiday in the UK, so I gave students a
free day to themselves. Essentially, two groups formed. One decided to do some
retail therapy, while others went to Westminster Abbey, the Eye, and the Globe
Theater. I decided to lead the shopping exhibition, mostly because I wanted
some sharp clothes. I love Montana dearly, but as most would admit, it is a tad
challenging to find the cutting edge of fashion in Bozeman. London, of course,
is one of the world’s top shopping destinations, so it was foolish to not take
advantage of the opportunity.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9r4z7HmeZP2bipQXbzqP1_hmpRQZMEidbhsmXbqGAwj0dBl-UCPRWXMWE5WOKLWVslKspn16Rmji4SnqV2X7aJ5KU0NMRSOf0yh9wj7__Gk_DGe1H_DI3jcdiaIfxzeCISK1DFyu2TKy_/s1600/IMG_2598.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9r4z7HmeZP2bipQXbzqP1_hmpRQZMEidbhsmXbqGAwj0dBl-UCPRWXMWE5WOKLWVslKspn16Rmji4SnqV2X7aJ5KU0NMRSOf0yh9wj7__Gk_DGe1H_DI3jcdiaIfxzeCISK1DFyu2TKy_/s320/IMG_2598.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Princess Diana: Always a princess wrote my students</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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I took Team MSU to Harrods and Harvey Nick’s, both favorites
of the late Princess Diana. Let’s just say we got a good look at how the other
half lives. Shoes that looked absolutely impractical costing between 600 and
800 pounds. We also saw the touching memorial to Princess Diana and Dodi Fayed
and signed the memorial book. I told my students that I remember that Paris
crash quite well as I had been up late that night and saw the news break on the
internet (yes, there was an internet back then—barely—and it was over AOL
News). I have never been a royal watcher, but I stayed up throughout the night
as the news story unfolded and pay attention to the coverage of the funeral
during the ensuing weeks. The memorial in the store shows Dodi and Diana
walking along a beach with the words “Innocent Victims” emblazoned along the
bottom of the sculpture.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
One thing that has surprised students is the lack of “tax”.
I tell them that there is actually quite a hefty tax, called the Value Added
Tax (VAT) that is included in the price. This has caused some sticker shock on
the trip, but I also reminded them that if they buy items which they will take
out of the European Union (and, importantly, will not use while here) then they
can apply to get the VAT returned. For big purchases, this is not insubstantial
as the VAT is 20 percent.It's interesting that we've chose in the US to not include the tax in the price of goods but add it after the fact. It's not like we don't have taxes like that--many of us receive cable and wireless bills with the tax included in the final price. I suspect that a VAT-style system would never fly in the US as it would be too easy to "hide" the cost of government. I wonder if it's easier to raise taxes in countries with VAT's because of the "hidden" nature of the cost.</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Team Shopping also enjoyed Tea at John Lewis, one of London's mid-range department stores. We shared pots of tea and scones--which we slathered with clotted cream and jam. Unfortunately, I didn't get that you need to split the scone in half until it was much too late.... </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRealHouJJigcXTHWtWTN6ad8oKO-X-j6U51WLbcEktMnayL60KbX9Q2UbL-I58KNW63CO-rB_fgRF_5wLL_QI-zQxeXTPruLKYZTphbyS9EQCbndi-sGH_iSYqQSz1DEYyHLJcAN-k0aV/s1600/IMG_2596.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRealHouJJigcXTHWtWTN6ad8oKO-X-j6U51WLbcEktMnayL60KbX9Q2UbL-I58KNW63CO-rB_fgRF_5wLL_QI-zQxeXTPruLKYZTphbyS9EQCbndi-sGH_iSYqQSz1DEYyHLJcAN-k0aV/s320/IMG_2596.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Does anyone really need this?</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
We’ve been making great use of public transit, </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
and today
switched lines three or four times like seasoned pros. Tonight, I’ll meet up
with the other group and look forward to hearing tales of their adventures
while we nosh South Indian food a blog from our hotel. Tomorrow, it’s the
Imperial War Museum and a meeting with a member of the House of Lords.</div>
David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-36043782771346019322015-05-24T14:17:00.002-07:002015-05-24T14:17:38.902-07:00Monarchy and the Importance of National Symbols<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjmqy8Oqrb4LC6jX2rzHNYJeZcpbatmstv_tjfic1iByZADw3n15u4YMg9Icx-FV_xp9WWIyzDf73oJdGdyHm3aJpIpT4G0sW4OLfhb4MFM2PxR2DnNbk3SkxIcABuhrJIA7eQ43tp0k4N/s1600/qEII.jpe" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjmqy8Oqrb4LC6jX2rzHNYJeZcpbatmstv_tjfic1iByZADw3n15u4YMg9Icx-FV_xp9WWIyzDf73oJdGdyHm3aJpIpT4G0sW4OLfhb4MFM2PxR2DnNbk3SkxIcABuhrJIA7eQ43tp0k4N/s1600/qEII.jpe" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Queen Elizabeth II</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Much of our
tour has focused on the center of the British political system: the legislature
and Parliament. Today, we took the train to Windsor from Paddington Station to
see a less powerful, but symbolic important, part: the Monarchy.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">No, we did
not have an audience with the Queen. I don’t have that kind of pull! But we did
visit Windsor Castle, parts of which date to the 1100s and is the oldest
continuously inhabited royal residence in the world. The Queen and her family
spend weekends here, and was likely there when we visited, resting in advance
of her speech on Wednesday.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I’ve seen
other palaces in the Europe: Versailles, the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, Catherine
the Great’s Summer Palace, and the Hapburg’s Schonbrunn palace in Vienna. All are
impressive in their own way, but Windsor Castle tops them all. It is
impressively decorated and outfitted without being over the top. It also demonstrates just how powerful and rich the Imperial Empire
once was. One room was covered in exquisitely gilded carvings and contained an
enormous Malchite vase. Mahogany, silver, pearls, rubies, saphires, and wall
paper of the deepest reds and greens were in evidence throughout. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ1wJiBeGb5jqxt9Shqze4y8qcWrVytj6z688QN_u-_hKmv9-tyUMe1PJv3Fg0Rc6RKUYCbUiJQDxOsuSPlXAfrS4IvhP3S5J0H-K6UiccqvAuoHU4ZyuGDj7GY0oZ0f3_Hg2_yaA8BPbi/s1600/IMG_2579.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ1wJiBeGb5jqxt9Shqze4y8qcWrVytj6z688QN_u-_hKmv9-tyUMe1PJv3Fg0Rc6RKUYCbUiJQDxOsuSPlXAfrS4IvhP3S5J0H-K6UiccqvAuoHU4ZyuGDj7GY0oZ0f3_Hg2_yaA8BPbi/s320/IMG_2579.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Inside Windsor Castle</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Before we
entered the grounds, I asked my students to consider the “worth” of a monarchy
to the United Kingdom. Why have one? It’s expensive—yes, the monarchy is
sustained in part by the private revenues from the Windsor families investments
and the admission fees paid to enter her various properties. But the monarchy
is not self-sustaining and requires subsidies from the Treasury. Instead of all
the pomp and circumstance of the Queen, why not transfer the symbolic powers to
the Prime Minister or his Deputy?</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmm1UIiJCmSYbKv9U06NzUoQ-TK6a5_rDuUtkS7SjU_g4qevSYg_-b1V17-gMSBdttY_xsXt_uscm_RhHVjmmoOvtMFnFU6Jod_3ixpln3NqcBOTaNrEbai4YrKVXprB9dWNmEysNrNYKK/s1600/IMG_2576.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmm1UIiJCmSYbKv9U06NzUoQ-TK6a5_rDuUtkS7SjU_g4qevSYg_-b1V17-gMSBdttY_xsXt_uscm_RhHVjmmoOvtMFnFU6Jod_3ixpln3NqcBOTaNrEbai4YrKVXprB9dWNmEysNrNYKK/s320/IMG_2576.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Norman Gate (with murder holes)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If I had to
take a stab at my own question, I’d say that the monarchy is one of the few
solid symbols of the British State left. The Welsh, Scots, and Irish—many of
whom never considered themselves British—felt a stronger pull during times of
economic prosperity and the heyday of Empire. With the decline of Britain as a
global superpower, there is less British left for people to grab onto. People
like to be part of something bigger and grander than themselves, and the
monarchy—I think—helps citizens of the United Kingdom feel part of something
beyond them.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Devolution
and the much-anticipated transfer of further political power to Scotland,
Wales, and Northern Ireland weakens the bonds of British national identity.
But that’s not the only threat. Once Prince Charles ascends to the throne (and
that will be sooner rather than later), it is less clear to me that the
monarchy will continue to exhibit the sentimental pull of British hearts. With
fewer and fewer emotional reasons to remain or feel British, one wonders if the
nation can survive its current constitutional test as a unitary state.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In the United States, the symbolism of statehood is fused with the executive power of the presidency. But I think the Constitution serves as a closer example to a national symbol for many Americans because it is so hard to divorce the office of the president from its occupant. One wonders as views increasingly diverge as to the meaning of the Constitution if our own national unity is undergoing a similar stress test. <span id="goog_607571918"></span><span id="goog_607571919"></span></span></div>
David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-89022362325743530312015-05-23T13:22:00.003-07:002015-05-23T13:22:30.434-07:00Order, Order! The House of Commons and Representative Democracy<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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In many ways, today’s experiences are at the heart of this
study abroad experience centered on the British political system. This morning,
we took the Tube south to Westminster station where we first toured the Houses
of Parliament and then visited the Cabinet War Rooms. We were at the center of
the British political system where some of the most challenging decisions a
republic can grapple with were made. This includes where those decisions are
debated—on the House of Commons floor—and where those decisions were executed,
deep underneath the bowels of London with an elected government directing the
machinery of war.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju5ZoOARo1jPxwdHKYKJnulrYz4EwKkyeK5wfwtG1CawcPHqGY2eQGWPh291l1HD_uHr50kEiHQTLHRe9GT7DwYzlrC6zf3JxW04pQb-NQi61bzIEmiQCOHfn4yYpVcquchzZI_bqRnAsb/s1600/IMG_2524.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju5ZoOARo1jPxwdHKYKJnulrYz4EwKkyeK5wfwtG1CawcPHqGY2eQGWPh291l1HD_uHr50kEiHQTLHRe9GT7DwYzlrC6zf3JxW04pQb-NQi61bzIEmiQCOHfn4yYpVcquchzZI_bqRnAsb/s320/IMG_2524.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Houses of Parliament</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I should say that we saw a House of Parliament, not the
Houses of Parliament, as we were unable to enter the Lords Chamber. As the
Queen’s speech is Wednesday, the House of Lords was closed in preparation. You
see, the Queen may be delivering the government’s policy, but she is not
allowed to enter the House of Commons as the House of Commons is the people’s
house, independent from the monarchy and not subject to its whim. The last
monarch to enter the House of Commons was King Charles I, and we know how that
turned out.</div>
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That’s OK, though, because it was Commons is where political
power resides, not the Lords. The Lords can initiate legislation, but the
Commons must approve it. The Lords has no absolute veto over legislation
either; if a bill begun in the Commons passes, at best, the Lords can delay it
if the House of Commons is determined. Tour guides often describe the House of
Lords chamber as more visually interesting, and it may be, but it is all pomp
and circumstance. The Commons is where it’s at, and that’s what I wanted the
group to see.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’ve visited state
legislative chambers and the U.S. Capitol. I’ve seen debate on the floor of the
U.S. Senate, and I’ve seen the House of Representatives chamber. In that
respect, one might think that the House of Commons isn’t terribly special; it’s
just another place where politicians meet and blow a lot of hot air.</div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Ultra Machine, designed by Polish scientists, which broke the German military codes</td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
Of course, that’s not what I felt at all. The chamber is
widely described as intimate, and it is. And, quite unlike the U.S. Senate and
U.S. House, members sit across each other in opposition—in fairly close
quarters. This arrangement, it is said, encourages spirited debate between the
parties and reinforces partisan loyalties. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is true that party defection is often rare
in the British system, and that cross-party collaboration is not the norm. On
the other hand, I’m not convinced the seating arrangement has anything to do
with it given the rise of partisanship and polarization in the US over the past
forty years. It does, however, make for great theater that seems, in my
opinion, to be missing from legislative debate in the United States.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
To stand in the palace of Westminster, parts of which date
to the 11<sup>th</sup> century, was one of the highlights of my life as a
student of politics. To think that this is where the English Parliament stood
up to a King, overthrew a dictatorship, debated the fate of the American
colonies, created and then dissolved a global empire and may decide Britain’s
continued relationship within the European Union was almost too much to
comprehend. To walk in the shoes of Churchill, Thatcher, Walpole, Disraeli,
Gladstone, and Lloyd George completed for me a journey I began with the history
books I read throughout my childhood and early adulthood.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It also reminded me of the importance of politics to the
lives of a nation’s citizens. As much as I love the theater of politics, the
choices made in these chambers have real impacts each and every day. Should
children be required to work? Should education be free and available to all?
How clean do we want our environment to be? And, if we decide to regulate, who
should bear the burden and pay the costs? What should government expect of its
wealthiest and what should it do to help its poorest?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is these choices
about freedom, equality, liberty, and order that government makes for us in
these places. While the responsibility for the decisions they make are first
and foremost theirs, it is also ours because we choose them. When we stop
listening, when we think it doesn’t matter—that we can do nothing to affect
what they do in these places—it is then that representative government has
failed because it becomes ever easier for those in charge to do what they want
rather than what is in the best interests of the people.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKFoFL2CJmrrdquQ0i_jvt3TY2KRzVGnqANQL00hkaIHdyXxNRgwTHcJGUOh0kJl_TZiUJGv4plrIPY3G7VNTXMOr6SDCG7rHaMh4RpDurHqoe1_lRTQpG4YLqAT0MQ7d1Kwsl0GJWZ7qZ/s1600/IMG_2530.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKFoFL2CJmrrdquQ0i_jvt3TY2KRzVGnqANQL00hkaIHdyXxNRgwTHcJGUOh0kJl_TZiUJGv4plrIPY3G7VNTXMOr6SDCG7rHaMh4RpDurHqoe1_lRTQpG4YLqAT0MQ7d1Kwsl0GJWZ7qZ/s320/IMG_2530.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">MSU students, engaging their world</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Washington and Westminster work only if we do our duty to
stay engaged, involved, and informed. The irony is, in my estimation, that both
Congress and Westminster are more accessible to the public than at any time in
history at the same time that we, the public, are becoming less willing to take
the time to pay attention. Without a vigilant public, the notion of
representative democracy either in the United Kingdom or in the United States
becomes an unpleasant fiction.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<br />
David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-63744039518853366112015-05-22T12:41:00.001-07:002015-05-22T12:41:19.837-07:00The British Museum, Magna Carta, and the NHS, Oh, My!In the last 48 hours, I have witnessed many different aspects of British culture. I spoke to a nurse at University Hospital about the recent election, asking her point blank whether the "Tories were out to destroy the NHS." (Yes, they're evil was the reply). A cabbie shared with us that he often voted Labour, but couldn't this time because of Ed Miliband. I saw British healthcare in action and was generally impressed with my N=1 experience. And I explored human history from its very beginnings in the form of a human axe more than 500,000 years old through the <i>Boumediene v. Bush</i> decision, which was featured at the Magna Carta exhibit in the British Library.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8zxLLlhCN4pEkm16EDfIQXHOUl5Dmcl9Frpz3YQj7tFLVBQ06QSU-9oEqprRGzqy6VmznxAaHRAYYTqj5JRJJ8GPKq8NLiAYrkBKY4eEqBry5mv1MjhLH5ofO5OGIrheC_zGlTlXuKPzC/s1600/IMG_2476.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8zxLLlhCN4pEkm16EDfIQXHOUl5Dmcl9Frpz3YQj7tFLVBQ06QSU-9oEqprRGzqy6VmznxAaHRAYYTqj5JRJJ8GPKq8NLiAYrkBKY4eEqBry5mv1MjhLH5ofO5OGIrheC_zGlTlXuKPzC/s320/IMG_2476.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">St. Paul's Cathederal</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
I managed to exhaust 17 college students today as we took our whirlwind tour through world history. In succession, we saw the Rosetta Stone ("Google Translate Old School"), the Elgin Marbles, treasures from Sutton Hoo, Assyrian graffiti, the development of "time" (as a construct and mechanically), and an original copy of Paul McCarthy's lyrics for the Beatles' tune "Yesterday". At the end, we walked wearily to Chinatown for one of the best Chinese meals I've ever had (and with a thirty percent discount given to us by the woman who coaxed us in after the original place we wanted to try was too small to accommodate our group).<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Shard Across the Millennium Bridge</td></tr>
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What have we learned? That a document written 800 years ago under duress continues to shape our jurisprudence and our rights--not just in the United Kingdom, but throughout the world. That the best writers of English language became great by editing, editing and editing (we saw drafts of Jane Eyre and Tess of the D'Urbervilles). And, finally, that a little education and teaching can open minds in amazing ways. Not only have my students already begun to question some of their preconceived notions (about food, for example), but so have I. I put the Modern Tate Museum on the schedule because I felt an obligation to introduce my students to modern art--certainly not because I love it. But a 45 minute tour later, and while I still don't understand minimalism, I now have learned to love and understand some modern art.<br />
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Tomorrow, the adventure continues....!<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">At the Tate Modern...</td></tr>
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David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-63458139549777921282015-05-21T01:56:00.000-07:002015-05-21T01:56:06.380-07:00Off with yer head: The Tower and other adventures in British History<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Our intrepid adventurers!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Elizabeth Tower, which houses Big Ben</td></tr>
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Yesterday was our first "proper" day in London. We spent the day touring with a wonderful guide, Edward Foster, who gave us the 10,000 foot look at the city. We drove around the old historic center--or the "City of London" proper and Westminster in the morning. We walked around Parliament Square, by Number 10, and witnessed the changing of the guard at Buckingham Palace. Later we zipped out to the Docklands and the Tower of London via a water taxi, having a great conversation about brown field development, urban renewal, and the various beheadings of British subjects. We braved the Tube during Rush Hour, and finished with a delightful Indian meal at one of the oldest curry shops in London.<br />
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It was a great start to an adventure, which has already survived a lost cellphone (since recovered), some missing bags, and possible pink eye!<br />
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When I was in college, I took modern British history course that was fantastic, but I'll admit, my knowledge of British history was severely tested! It is quite difficult indeed for me to keep straight the various Edwards, Henry's and James' straight.<br />
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From a political science perspective, the most interesting thing I learned occurred during our tour of the Tower. In the United States, the presidency wears many hats, including the ceremonial roles associated with the head of state. In the United Kingdom, the Prime Minister exercises the real executive power while the monarchy takes on the role of head of state. Next week, the Queen will address the opening of Parliament and give the Queen's speech, which is basically an outline of the programs and policies the new government will pursue. It is written by the government and is merely delivered by the Queen. The Queen gives the speech in the House of Lords, as she is not allowed to enter the House of Commons.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace</td></tr>
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When the Queen addresses the chamber, she will be wearing the Imperial Crown, which we saw at the Tower of London. You see, the monarchs have several crowns depending on the occasion. Every monarch wears a coronation crown when they ascend to the throne. That crown is never worn again. The Imperial Crown is worn on state occasions--and, as the tour guide noted, represents "serious bling." Look for yourself.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Imperial Crown</td></tr>
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So, I guess while the presidency metaphorically wears "many hats", the British monarchy literally does!<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The London "Egg" or the seat of London's Metropolitan Government</td></tr>
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Today, we have our first meeting with a former MP, Frank Dobson and then we are off to check out some Modern Art at the Tate.David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-1054667323477772512015-05-20T00:57:00.001-07:002015-05-20T00:57:05.888-07:00London Calling: A Horizon of Historical HumanityAs a native New Englander, in some ways London reminds me of home. Boston is one of America's oldest cities, and in that respect, shares some things in common with European cities. The most striking, in my opinion, is the complete and utter haphazardness which characterizes the way in which the streets are strewn about. My dad used to joke that the streets in Boston were laid where the cows walked. I don't think that's too far from the truth in Boston or in London.<br />
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The other shared characteristic is the constant motion and change afoot. People and traffic are moving, buildings are going up while others are torn down. The natural rhythms of nature are replaced by the constant hum of human activity. It is at once exhilarating and exhausting. When I wake up in London, I hear humanity. When I wake up in Bozeman, I hear red wing blackbirds.<br />
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On the coach ride to our hotel, two things were remarked upon by my students. The first was the traffic. It took us an hour and twenty minutes to go 17 miles, from Heathrow to our hotel!<br />
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The second? The lack of "space"--an observation about how tightly fitted everything is. I noted it, but it didn't bother me. I'm sure it bothered some of my students who grew up in the "Big Sky". When I first moved West back in the mid-90s for a spell, I lived in Wyoming. A person I got to know told me about her first trip East, to visit Washington, DC. I asked if she had enjoyed it. "No," she replied. "I felt so claustrophobic because I couldn't see the horizon and the sky was so small."<br />
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This morning, I got up early and took an hour or so walk. I waved at David Cameron's home at Number 10. I saw Winston Churchill, Charles the First, and Lord Nelson. I passed the National Portrait Gallery with an exhibit on Wellington, and strode by Whitehall and Cabinet House. I ended at Westminster Square, across from the Abbey and the Houses of Parliament before I turned back for breakfast. I passed a millennium of human history in75 minutes.<br />
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My horizon is filled with buildings and monuments to past glories here in London. But, I still miss my Bridgers and the wide open beauty of the Big Sky.<br />
<br />David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-43896273861805247572015-05-19T07:42:00.002-07:002015-05-19T07:42:56.113-07:00Aca-cuse Me?: Britain in Constitutional Disharmony<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
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The night before I left with four MSU students for the UK,
my wife and I watched Pitch Perfect 2—the sequel to the enormously successful
2012 tribute to a cappella competition. As I sit here now at Heathrow’s
Terminal 2, waiting for the rest of my intrepid travelers to join the five of
us who left together from Bozeman, I realize that the movie is a perfect
metaphor for the challenges currently facing the United Kingdom.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizWiG4TIqGXwiQpUo-fGa8RcxQqJWsptYBI9J0FforBSACJynG8_FnhVpbnhyphenhyphenqB1cARQwqhgk9N71hyphenhyphen_JdAGJsitnkmqFjGWhFeQOwr1Vlg5xCxTriFhYV3Z_L7GSSRobizCitsSb_AEZd/s1600/aca_excuse.jpe" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizWiG4TIqGXwiQpUo-fGa8RcxQqJWsptYBI9J0FforBSACJynG8_FnhVpbnhyphenhyphenqB1cARQwqhgk9N71hyphenhyphen_JdAGJsitnkmqFjGWhFeQOwr1Vlg5xCxTriFhYV3Z_L7GSSRobizCitsSb_AEZd/s1600/aca_excuse.jpe" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Either that, or I’m sleep and caffeine deprived. But, stick
with me, okay?</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
For those of you who saw the first Pitch Perfect, Becca is
the story’s protagonist seeking to find herself at Barden University. Or, at
least, stick out college long enough to get her dad to move her to LA. In the
sequel, Becca and her erstwhile Bellas are getting ready to graduate and, like
most college seniors, unsure of what the future will bring them. Some are more
prepared for what lays ahead, while others have scarcely thought about what to
do or where to go.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In a cappella, the task is for individual singers to find
their own voice while at the same time learning to harmonize with the group.
And that’s exactly the journey that Becca and her friend, Fat Amy, are one
throughout Pitch Perfect 2. How can they find themselves and still sing
together as a part of the Bellas—without losing what they have discovered along
the way? And, once they graduate and leave Barden behind, what will their
relationship be with their Bella friends?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Becca struggles mightily not only to find her own voice, but also to understand
what her relationship to the a cappella team should be during her last year in
college. At one point, she screams at the group, telling them that they need to
worry less about the upcoming international competition and to figure out what
they will do with the rest of their lives after after Barden. As she struggles
to set herself free for her next journey, she realizes—once she’s caught in a
bear trap and needs her friends to set her free—what and how much a cappella
and the Bellas mean to her. And what do they mean? With the Bellas, she found
her own voice, and at the same time, found something bigger and larger than
herself for perhaps the first time in her life. You can be yourself and be part
of a team, she learns.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ-iOJPoCA_Ap0p_Xp9NtM5QjzxoSAmvevIg2lUl-cLx94VoGR21EEiPIa6kGJfeqaFQKhUQevaELDBnk_KKtlxpeI8lB7CpbNB8EgnfFcJ9VFAF2hEadypIuTQN8hZu862A5z53NXCt5I/s1600/breaking.jpe" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ-iOJPoCA_Ap0p_Xp9NtM5QjzxoSAmvevIg2lUl-cLx94VoGR21EEiPIa6kGJfeqaFQKhUQevaELDBnk_KKtlxpeI8lB7CpbNB8EgnfFcJ9VFAF2hEadypIuTQN8hZu862A5z53NXCt5I/s1600/breaking.jpe" /></a>What does this have to do with the United Kingdom post the 2015
general election?</div>
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<br /></div>
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Everything.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Right now, the constituent nations making up the United
Kingdom are struggling to express their individual “voices” while at the same
time trying to understand how they can harmonize together within the United
Kingdom and the European Union. Scotland, at the moment, seems like a
frustrated Becca trying to escape the group entirely for a new beginning.
England is Chloe—the nation that has poured all of herself into the larger
group while having lost (or at least, suppressed, or maybe not truly developed)
its individual voice. Northern Ireland and Wales seem to exist somewhere
between these two extremes. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But, you might ask, who is Fat Amy? Fat Amy thinks she knows
who she is—an unchained woman looking for a new adventure around the next
corner. That’s the side she shows the outside world: Confident, funny, and the
center of the attention. But that’s not her. She’s yearning for comfort, for
security, to have a place where she can be her true self and not be judged.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As she discovers
during the movie, everything she’s searching for is where it’s been all along:
with former Treblemaker (now campus security guard) Bumper. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I think Fat Amy represents the British people who believe that
the United Kingdom’s political future lies outside the European Union. They
bluster and make a big production about the stifling Euro-bureaucracy’s rules
and regulations that stifle national and parliamentary sovereignty. But, while
those Brits may wish to be free of Brussels, they may find—upon deeper
reflection—that they belong best together. As Fat Amy herself solos in a
rowboat on her way to Bumper:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
We belong to the light, we belong
to the thunder, we belong to the song of the words, we’ve both fallen under,
whatever we deny or embrace, for worse or for better, we belong, we belong we
belong together (Pat Bentar)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And that’s the trick, right? For worse or for better, will
the British people decide they belong together—as Scots, Englishmen, Welsh, and
Irish and as a part of the EU? Or, through the storm, will they decide,
instead, to be wild, free, and unchained? At the end of the day, that’s the
dilemma facing the United Kingdom. And, to be fair, it is always the dilemma
the United Kingdom has faced. Only now, perhaps more than ever, the storm may
split asunder that which was created in the Acts of Union.</div>
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<br /></div>
David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-88061368581570301862015-05-09T21:01:00.000-07:002015-05-09T21:01:01.966-07:00London Calling: How 18 Montanans Will become Acoustically Ready for the United Kingdom<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0nd1PKGnBkH-jgvc_s9HP4e319LZ1Q_9UkJPZ1ku1CZthmT1xloDIEl0mwKuZf1A5l_vg3mcJsPSeyEBlwzpdvdyd73FQxYz2Ti7OfSo_Mnx3Ad2XOz0GDwFZLkBbjAVv8Y5IVwSLuJUS/s1600/beatles.jpe" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0nd1PKGnBkH-jgvc_s9HP4e319LZ1Q_9UkJPZ1ku1CZthmT1xloDIEl0mwKuZf1A5l_vg3mcJsPSeyEBlwzpdvdyd73FQxYz2Ti7OfSo_Mnx3Ad2XOz0GDwFZLkBbjAVv8Y5IVwSLuJUS/s1600/beatles.jpe" /></a></div>
<br />
I gave my brother, Todd, a simple task: Give me ten songs to get me and my students ready for our trip to London. Todd is an Anglophile AND a musician, so he sent a quick text back. He approached the problem from two angles. First, what are some outside the box songs I am unlikely to have heard. Second, what is a good sampling of English/British music across eras. Here's what he recommended:<br />
<br />
Muse: Knights of Cydonia<br />
<br />
The Kinks: Strangers<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzYASkwEYgFVQLYIbKX-DKuJDrlF0cfR2X8u0UPAlCs-7jBirqZ3VlSSi-GPhEGkmEieDuFpjKjYTMxFhw8Bz3xJwyIZCDzIq6PyqawZYjPbWhWSAG-gDgKHm9nlB-Shx_IBEXiTCMp2_7/s1600/Who.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzYASkwEYgFVQLYIbKX-DKuJDrlF0cfR2X8u0UPAlCs-7jBirqZ3VlSSi-GPhEGkmEieDuFpjKjYTMxFhw8Bz3xJwyIZCDzIq6PyqawZYjPbWhWSAG-gDgKHm9nlB-Shx_IBEXiTCMp2_7/s320/Who.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
The Streets: Turn the Page<br />
<br />
The Who: Baba O'Riley<br />
<br />
Cock Sparrer: Riot Squad<br />
<br />
Electric Light Orchestra: Mr. Blue Sky<br />
<br />
George Harrison: What is Life<br />
<br />
The Beatles: Paperback Writer<br />
<br />
Chumbawumba: I Get Knocked Down<br />
<br />
Blur: The Universal<br />
<br />
I also added The Clash (London Calling), Frankie Goes to Hollywood (Two Tribes), and The Smiths (Panic). <br />
<br />But, we are also going to Scotland and Belfast. So, after doing some additional research and consulting via phone with Todd, I added the following:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj69bgk7Q1V5f0j1dbL504uukV57v8IkpFIqWfCh8k0OerI8W9w0_hiR-1u6vNsIY4hoLZlRygOZUSRb56bCzdurKgsiOnfBD0_q83QOYyQgp4NlV1CyJ0j4G33p4oBp8kYPw-MXrWcDMQV/s1600/Simple+Minds_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj69bgk7Q1V5f0j1dbL504uukV57v8IkpFIqWfCh8k0OerI8W9w0_hiR-1u6vNsIY4hoLZlRygOZUSRb56bCzdurKgsiOnfBD0_q83QOYyQgp4NlV1CyJ0j4G33p4oBp8kYPw-MXrWcDMQV/s1600/Simple+Minds_.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
For Scotland<br />
<br />
The Proclaimers: I would Walk 500 Miles<br />
<br />
Big Country: In a Big Country<br />
<br />
Simple Minds: The American<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyH23QH4u4hnZQJI6SSSgHVML95EBUpg1mrPaHuHQF6b7Ocexvzwl-KIBaeFgXqClG4Ts8qSFPNsuWE9vDusP2Xb5z3JOIJQJFbV067teqVIYWfZjzrOA_whJol-dIVzcihw5fa02Zkm0J/s1600/War.jpe" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyH23QH4u4hnZQJI6SSSgHVML95EBUpg1mrPaHuHQF6b7Ocexvzwl-KIBaeFgXqClG4Ts8qSFPNsuWE9vDusP2Xb5z3JOIJQJFbV067teqVIYWfZjzrOA_whJol-dIVzcihw5fa02Zkm0J/s1600/War.jpe" /></a>Belle and Sebastian: The Party Line<br />
<br />
Average White Band: Pick Up the Pieces<br />
<br />
Oasis: Wonderwall<br />
<br />The Jesus and Mary Chain: Just Like Honey<br />
<br />
For Belfast/Northern Ireland<br />
<br />Van Morrison: Brown Eyed Girl<br />
<br />
Simple Minds: Belfast Child<br />
<br />
U2: Sunday Bloody Sunday<br />
<br />
Ash: Kung Fu<br />
<br />
Load up your I-Phone and let's rock out! We are leaving in just over a week.<br />
<br />
#UKORBUST<br />
<br />
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<br />David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3441772758957149445.post-41365970185895428542015-05-08T08:32:00.002-07:002015-05-08T08:33:05.333-07:00A Conservative Majority: Huh?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
Well, this wasn't supposed to happen, right?<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYZD88ti_afrSAssnmipEyApzuOSniottGPkbbP-Nnhj3mu5Ik9-PeK3tnoCLAQZF9mmdTO-Yfm8H5JQJpqOomqoKTPJY0x_kqkycKNbrwOiCogefyMQiGUwLA_ItYiY7Pa9S4gOHbl3Vq/s1600/election_simpsons__3296830b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="199" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYZD88ti_afrSAssnmipEyApzuOSniottGPkbbP-Nnhj3mu5Ik9-PeK3tnoCLAQZF9mmdTO-Yfm8H5JQJpqOomqoKTPJY0x_kqkycKNbrwOiCogefyMQiGUwLA_ItYiY7Pa9S4gOHbl3Vq/s320/election_simpsons__3296830b.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
Let's briefly recap developments in yesterday's <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/election/2015/results">General Election</a>:<br />
<br />
1. The Conservative Party not just picked up seats in Westminster. They picked up enough seats to form a majority government (a total of 331, or 7 more than the 324 for a majority), albeit barely. This means the coalition arrangement with the Liberal Democrats is no more.<br />
<br />
NOTE: A majority is 326 out of 650, but Sinn Fein members do not take their seats and the Speaker does not traditionally vote. This means a working majority is 324. <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK5QrV5K4HmoIjfnqHLCfaq6SMex1H406JcsC-HxxoNd0kJn2piRzFzI1DpGFTpQ7LZmU5gzEJ6YgWdu7g4EZoe6F3boIIACAXQw4thefuy28cWFctjeP4X2DFjzcVh96JXeUFWP-nnZVV/s1600/clegg-liberal-democrats-election.si.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK5QrV5K4HmoIjfnqHLCfaq6SMex1H406JcsC-HxxoNd0kJn2piRzFzI1DpGFTpQ7LZmU5gzEJ6YgWdu7g4EZoe6F3boIIACAXQw4thefuy28cWFctjeP4X2DFjzcVh96JXeUFWP-nnZVV/s320/clegg-liberal-democrats-election.si.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
2. The Liberal Democrats went from 57 seats to....8. Liberal Democrats, in particular, established themselves as a constituent service party and many members built solid independent brands in their seats. This did not work in this election at all. LibDem voters either voted SNP (in Scotland) or Conservative (in England). Many of the Conservative gains in England came at LibDem expense. Nearly all the major figures in the party--Danny Alexander, Vincent Cable, Charles Kennedy, and Ed Davey--lost. So, too, did Jenny Willott--the LibDem Whip from Wales featured in the BBC's Inside the Commons.<br />
<br />
3. The Scottish Nationalist Party picked up 50 seats in Scotland, controlled all but THREE of the 59 Scottish seats. Labour, to put it bluntly, got eviscerated in its traditional stronghold. Even the head of the Scottish Labour Party, Jim Murphy, lost his seat.<br />
<br />
4. UKIP effectively became the third party in British politics, displacing the Liberal Democrats. But, because UKIP support was spread out, they managed only one seat. Nigel Farrage, the colorful UKIP Leader, did not win the seat in South Thanet. <br />
<br />
5. Labour had an awful night. While they improved their vote share overall nationally and gained 15 seats in England, they lost all but one seat in Scotland and most of what they gained in England came at the expense of the Liberal Democrats and not at the Conservatives. They also lost one seat in Wales. Ed Balls, the Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer, lost his seat. This would be roughly analogous in the US to the Majority Party Leader losing his seat (so, think Eric Cantor losing in the primary back in 2014). Labour did pick up some marginal seats, but these gains were cancelled out by Conservative picks up. By and large, marginal seats targeted by Labour went to the Conservatives in England.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1w4Rk4Jy3L-hcy9B8KP1K0cUvfJ9IEFqEpwOZ8agF9Bb-hrrgK_R0diY_j7HvL2XMaKj1IeAAPziK-DsuEnrLYARKOHhoHI1IiJvSL2Xm6aES2T2wEJT1ykqQvQz3ua6LzZzNc5fBuwVH/s1600/Mili-gone.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1w4Rk4Jy3L-hcy9B8KP1K0cUvfJ9IEFqEpwOZ8agF9Bb-hrrgK_R0diY_j7HvL2XMaKj1IeAAPziK-DsuEnrLYARKOHhoHI1IiJvSL2Xm6aES2T2wEJT1ykqQvQz3ua6LzZzNc5fBuwVH/s320/Mili-gone.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
6. David Cameron will be going back to Number 10, but he'll be facing a new opposition leaders at Question Time. Ed Miliband has announced his resignation, as has Nick Clegg and Nigel Farage.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
No one expected a Conservative majority. Every preelection forecast indicated a hung parliament with conservatives losing seats and a Labour-SNP coalition government forming. What happened? Here are three quick ideas.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQP6lYjnfDZj8wLfNfOQtS3j3Qbga3qN3lTnxiUSCXybiaD9kwklLF0w_5bg9O5T_LBEkKd-fok8v5c6vuoE8KA9okWMF1ywF9m69NthR4blDFG9Ejdanu4VNyMag8HxpkSYpBQwvX6Kp9/s1600/Cameron_afterelection.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQP6lYjnfDZj8wLfNfOQtS3j3Qbga3qN3lTnxiUSCXybiaD9kwklLF0w_5bg9O5T_LBEkKd-fok8v5c6vuoE8KA9okWMF1ywF9m69NthR4blDFG9Ejdanu4VNyMag8HxpkSYpBQwvX6Kp9/s320/Cameron_afterelection.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
1. Polling was off. Nicol Rae, my Dean here at Montana State and a Scot, reminded me that there's been a tendency to under-count the conservative vote--this was the case in 1992 when John Major won a surprise victory and was returned to Number 10. Perhaps this happened again--and made a difference in a lot of close races.<br />
<br />
2. The campaign mattered. Maybe the polls weren't so much wrong as that undecideds swung overwhelmingly in one direction. The Conservative campaign counted heavily on two messages: We've brought you a strong economy and a vote for Labour will put that in jeopardy was the first message. The second was that a vote for Labour is really a vote for a coalition government with SNP. That likely hurt Labour among "soft" conservative voters who abandoned the Liberal Dems. What is perhaps more interesting is the question of working class voters. They might have abandoned Labour and voted UKIP, which might have helped conservatives win some marginal seats. That question needs exploration.<br />
<br />
3. Losing the independence campaign helped, not hurt SNP. Why? Two reasons. First, SNP built a solid campaign organization that they could then easily employ less than a year later in a general election campaign. Second, one of the pillars of the independence campaign was a vote for independence was for a more progressive Scotland--a more progressive Scotland that Conservatives, the coalition, and frankly Labour under Blair, had not provided. Voters in Scotland voted their interests, which is for more progressive policies, and supported the party that could provide that, SNP. The irony is, of course, that those progressive policies will not be pursued by a Conservative government, but that same government seems willing to grant additional power to Scotland--which can then implement those progressive policies on their own. What, exactly, was the downside to voting for SNP? It wasn't clear--especially given that Nicola Sturgeon was fantastic in the leader debates and, in my estimation, was the only real presence on the stage that could go toe to toe with Cameron.<br />
<br />
What will happen next? There will be a lot of soul searching among Liberal Democrats and Labour, but if there's one thing that's clear to me it's this: fundamental constitutional change is afoot. That genie is out of the bottle--and perhaps, it was out of the bottle once Scotland and Wales were granted their own legislative assemblies in the late 1990s. Was John Major <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/politics/1997/apr/24/past.electionspast1">right after all in 1997</a>: devolution would create the seeds of a constitutional break up? Perhaps he was. As a student of American politics, though, I see another solution: <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/05/08/will-the-united-kingdom-now-adopt-some-form-of-federalism/">a federal union</a>. If that happens, I'll have to change a lot of lectures and a lot of slides!<br />
<br />
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<br />David Parkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16269564495760820631noreply@blogger.com0